Uhlalutyo olufutshane lwezinto ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lwemigca yothumelo

Izinto ezichaphazela ukhuseleko lwemigca yothumelo ngokubanzi zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini, ezizezi, ukuguguleka nokwaluphala okubangelwa kukuqokelelana kwexesha lemihla ngemihla kunye nokusilela ngequbuliso okubangelwa zizinto zangaphandle. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezinto zinokubangela ukukhubeka kweempazamo, ziphazamise ukusebenza kombane, kwaye zingenza igridi yombane ingasebenzi kakuhle kwiimeko ezinzima. Phakathi kwazo, into yokuqokelela ixesha inokulawulwa ngokwenziwa, nto leyo ebangela amathuba amancinci okusilela, kwaye imozulu yangaphandle (kubandakanya ukubetha kombane, izivunguvungu, imililo yasendle, umonakalo womkhenkce, ungcoliseko, ubushushu kunye nokufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya, umonakalo weentaka, njl.njl.) izinto ziphezulu kakhulu kumandla angalawulekiyo, nto leyo ebangela amathuba aphezulu okusilela kunye nomonakalo omkhulu.

1. Ukubetha kombane

Imozulu yombane ixhaphakile ngexesha lemvula kwaye ineziphazamiso ezinkulu. Inani elikhulu leentambo zothumelo ezibekwe ebaleni zineempawu zomgama omkhulu kunye nomahluko wokuphakama kwenqaba, nto leyo eyenza inqanaba lokumelana nombane lomgca libe libi kwaye kube lula ukubethwa ngumbane. Kwimimandla enzima, kukho imigca emininzi yesekethe enye, kwaye akukho khuselo lokukhusela kunye ne-shunt olunikezelwa yimigca ehambelanayo, nto leyo eyandisa ukwanda kweengozi zombane. Ukuhamba kombane kubangela inxalenye enkulu yeempazamo zomgca wothumelo, kwaye okukhona inqanaba le-voltage liphantsi, kokukhona amathuba okungaphumeleli kombane aphezulu.

Xa umbane uphuma, itshaja ye-cumulonimbus layer iyaqokelelana, yenze intsimi yombane enamandla ye-electrostatic high-voltage, ingqubana kwaye inciphise inani elikhulu leetshaja ezingalunganga ezithwalwa ngumhlaba, ikhupha amandla aphezulu, i-voltage ukuya kwizigidi zee-volts, i-current ukuya kumawaka ee-amps, okubangela i-overvoltage wave gradient kunye ne-amplitude ephezulu, okubangela i-line insulation flash ngexesha lokuhamba. I-Flash over tripping kukusilela okwethutyana, izinga lempumelelo yesenzo sokubuyela umva liphezulu, kwaye indlela yokuqhuba inokubuyiselwa, kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kukhokelela ekwaphukeni kwentambo, ukwaphuka kwe-insulator, okanye ukungena kwi-substation ecaleni komgca, kunye nokudibanisa ucingo ngobushushu obuphezulu, okusongela ukutshabalalisa amandla okukhusela ezixhobo zamandla.

Ukuze kuncitshiswe amathuba okuba kubekho iingozi zombane kwimigca yothumelo, kuyimfuneko ukuthintela ukutsha kwe-flash over, ukwakhiwa kwe-arc, ukubetheka ngqo kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane kumgca wokhuselo. Sebenzisa la manyathelo okhuseleko alandelayo: ① miselaisithinteli-mbane; ② Yongeza ucingo lomhlaba oludibanisayo; ③ Yehlisa ukumelana nokuxhathisa komhlaba kwenqaba; ④ indawo engathathi cala ayiyonkqubo esekwe ngqo; ⑤ Yomeleza inqanaba lobushushu bomgca; ⑥ Faka i-reclosing ezenzekelayo; 7 Ukufakwa kwe-tubularumbanjwa⑧ Sebenzisa i-insulation engalinganiyo, umbane wenethiwekhi ojikelezileyo kabini kunye nezinye iindlela.

2. Inkanyamba

Imozulu yesaqhwithi ehamba nomoya onamandla kunye nemvula, imigca yothumelo iya kwenzeka umdaniso womqhubi, ukuphambuka komoya, ukwaphuka kwemigca, ukuwa kwenqaba kunye nezinye iingozi. Njengoko isantya somoya soyilo lwenkqubo yamandla kumgca wothumelo sisanda, amathuba okuba ingozi yokuqhekeka kwentambo kunye nokuwa kwenqaba iyancipha, kodwa amathuba okuba ingozi ibangelwe kukujijeka ngamandla kwentambo, ukukhutshwa kwe-wind bias kunye nomonakalo wezinto ezidadayo aphezulu.

Isantya somoya sikhulu, ubukhulu bomdaniso womgca wokudlulisa bukhulu, kunciphisa umsantsa womoya phakathi kocingo kunye nenqaba, isigaba socingo kunye nesigaba, ukusasazwa komsantsa womoya akulingani, ukuze amandla ombane kwisithuba ancitshiswe ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, angakwazi ukumelana nexabiso lombane lokusebenza, ukuqhekeka kunye nokukhupha.

Ukuba kukho isaqhwithi ngaxeshanye, imvula iya kunciphisa ixabiso lokumelana nomoya, ucingo luthambekele kwi-short circuit, ukuze amathuba okukhupha anyuke, le nkqubo yenzeka rhoqo, ixesha elide eliphindaphindwayo, ukungacwangciswanga, ubukhulu obukhulu, iya kubangela ukufiphala, ukwaphuka, ukukhubeka kunye nezinye iimpazamo, kwaye ukukhubeka komgca emva kokuba izinga lokudibana liphantsi, isenzo somntu sibuthathaka, ixesha lokubuyiselwa kombane lide. Ukongeza, iya kubangela ukungaphumeleli koomatshini kwimitya ye-insulator, izixhobo, iingalo ezinqamlezileyo kunye nezinye izixhaso, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo, okubangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho.

Kwimigca yokungcangcazela enesantya somoya esiphantsi, uninzi lwemigca lunokulawulwa ngokufaka izixhobo ezichasene nokungcangcazela. Xa udibana nesantya somoya esinamandla, la manyathelo alandelayo angasetyenziswa: (1) Yongeza isando esichasene nokungcangcazela kwaye ufake isixhobo esinzima sesando ukwandisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo othe nkqo womgca wokudlulisa kwaye unciphise ubukhulu bokujika komgca; ② Faka ucingo oludambisayo, ukhuseleko lwentambo, wandise inani leentambo eziqhekekileyo, womeleze ucingo, kwaye uqinisekise umgama okhuselekileyo phakathi kwentambo kunye nenqaba; (3) Indlela yokumiswa kwentambo yokukhusela yohlobo lwe-V iyasetyenziswa ukuphucula ukumelana kwe-insulator kwisiganeko sokuhamba okunqamlezileyo emoyeni kunye nokunciphisa ukujika komoya I-Angle yentambo yokukhusela; (4) Xa uyila inqaba kwaye umisa umgca wokudlulisa, cinga ngokushiya umgama omkhulu phakathi kweentambo, ukuhambisa indawo yokuxhoma ezantsi, okanye ukwandisa nokwandisa ingalo enqamlezileyo.

3. Imililo yasezintabeni

Imililo yasendle ebangelwa bubushushu obuphezulu, izinto zabantu kunye nezinye izinto zenza umoya uqhubeke ukwimeko yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi ixesha elide, kwaye imigca yokudlulisela ekwindawo yeentaba, inqumla izityalo zehlathi kunye nomhlaba okanye phakathi kwemigca yesigaba, ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-ionization yobushushu bamasuntswana omoya, ukwanda kwetshaja etshajiweyo, ukukhawuleziswa kwentshukumo yamasuntswana, kunye nokwakheka kweendlela zokuqhuba, uhambo lwe-flashover yomgca lwenzeka. I-90%uFF0C yeyona sizathu siphambili sokuhamba komlilo, kodwa ikwabandakanya ukulahlekelwa kubushushu obuphezulu bokutshiswa kwe-line insulation, ukukhutshwa kwentambo kwinqaba.

Kwimigca yothumelo kwindawo yeentaba, xa kujongwa imeko yomhlaba kunye neemeko zoqoqosho, kudla ngokubekwa imigca emibini okanye ngaphezulu kunye nenqaba. Kwimeko yomlilo wentaba, kulula ukuba imigca emininzi kwikhorido yothumelo enye iwele kwaye ikhubeke ngaxeshanye, kwaye ngenxa yokuba umlilo wentaba kulula ukuwukhulisa ngobukhulu kwaye uhlala ixesha elide, uya kuvelisa umsi omninzi kunye nenkungu kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye izinga lokujika komgca liphantsi. De umlilo unciphe, umsi usasazeke, imeko-bume yomoya kunye nobushushu bentambo bunciphile, kunzima ukuthatha indlela yokubuyisela okwenziweyo, ngoko ke umbane womgca uphazamiseka ixesha elide, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, imigca echaphazelekayo ingaphezulu kwesinye, ibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokusebenza kwegridi yombane.

Ngenxa yento eyenzekayo kumlilo weentaba, kufuneka siqale kumanyathelo okuthintela umlilo ukuze sinciphise ukwenzeka komlilo weentaba: ① ukulawula ukuphakama, inani kunye nohlobo lwemithi kufutshane nesiseko; (2) Misela amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ushiye ubude nobubanzi obaneleyo bomkhondo okhuselekileyo; ③ Inkqubo yokukhusela umgca ithembekile kwaye inovelwano; ④ Misela inkqubo yokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela, kwaye uphucule isiphumo sokubeka esweni; ⑤ Ngexesha lonyaka, icandelo lexesha kunye neemeko zemozulu, yonyusa ukuhlolwa kwemigca ukuze kususwe iingozi ezifihlakeleyo.

4. Intlekele yomkhenkce

Iintlekele zomkhenkce ziquka imvula ebandayo, iqabaka, umkhenkce kunye nokuqokelelwa kwekhephu. Imozulu engaqhelekanga yendalo, ukutshintshana okushushu nokubanda, kuya kwenza umgca wothumelo kunye nomtya wokukhusela ogqunywe ngumkhenkce, umgca, ubunzima bokuthwala inqaba bunyuke, indawo yomoya wentambo, ukwanda kokuwa, kukhokelela ekungcangcazeleni okuqhubekayo kwentambo, ukudanisa, ukwaphuka okukhulu, inqaba kunye nezinye iingozi. Umtya wokukhusela Ukuba ikhephu liyabanda, amanzi omkhenkce anyibilikayo aya kubangela ukuba umkhenkce ujike ngokukhawuleza, utshintshe umkhenkce.

Ngokwezibalo, i-ice flash inokwenzeka ngakumbi xa kudityaniswe ungcoliseko lomkhenkce. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuthintelwe i-ice flash, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ukucocwa kongcoliseko lwemigca kunye neentambo ze-insulator ukuphucula ucoceko; Ukwandisa umgama we-creepage ukuthintela ikhephu ukuba lingabanda ngenxa yomgama omncinci phakathi kwe-insulators kunye nee-ambrela; Ulungiselelo lwentambo ye-insulator yohlobo lwe-V kunye nentambo ye-insulator ye-V eguquliweyo luyasetyenziswa, kwaye isithuba sochungechunge lweentambo ezimbini kufuneka sandiswe ukuphucula i-flashover voltage. Kwimeko yokudanisa komkhenkce, kufuneka kwamkelwe iteknoloji yokunyibilikisa umkhenkce ukukhawulezisa isantya sokunyibilika kwesigqubuthelo somkhenkce okanye i-interphase spacer ephuculweyo kufuneka yamkelwe ukwandisa umgama we-interphase wentambo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nokukhupha okubangelwa ngumgama omncinci we-interphase wentambo ngenxa yokujika okukhulu kunye nobukhulu bentambo.

5. Okunye

1) Ubungakanani bongcoliseko. Ububanzi bomgca wokudlulisa bubude, buchaphazeleka zizinto ezingcolisa umoya, ityuwa, umsi, uthuli, njl.njl., nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kongcoliseko kumphezulu wentambo. Ngenxa yombane omkhulu ojikeleze umgca wokudlulisa we-voltage ephezulu, isiganeko se-corona kulula ukwenzeka, nto leyo ebangela inani elikhulu lamasuntswana atshajiweyo, anamathele kungcoliseko, okwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwamasuntswana atshajiweyo, kwaye kulula ukuwakhupha. Ke ngoko, umgca wokudlulisa kufuneka ucocwe ngexesha.

2) Ubushushu. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunyusa ubushushu bomphezulu wocingo, nto leyo eyenza ubushushu kumgca wokuqala wokudlulisa umbane ophezulu kube nzima ukuwukhupha, ubushushu bungabi buthathaka, nto leyo ebangela ubushushu obuphezulu obuqhubekayo bomgca, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda kwe-arc yocingo, ukunciphisa umgama wokhuseleko phakathi kocingo nomhlaba kunye nento enqumlayo, nto leyo ebangela ukukhutshwa kombane, nto leyo ebangela ukukhubeka komgca. Ke ngoko, umgama phakathi kocingo nomhlaba kunye nesigaba socingo unokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

3) Umswakama. Ngokwanda kweemolekyuli zamanzi, ezinamathele kumphezulu womgca, umbane ojikeleze ucingo ufunxa ii-elektroni ukuze zenze ii-ion ezingezizo, ubuthathaka amandla e-ionization, wonyusa amandla okuqhekeka kombane, wonyusa intsimi yombane yasekuhlaleni, kwaye uvelisa ngokulula i-corona, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kwamandla kunye nokwehla kombane. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha izixhobo zokuthintela ubushushu bentambo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukunganyamezeli kwamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi kwezinto.

4) Uxinzelelo lomoya. Njengoko umoya unyuka, umoya uba mncinane kancinci kancinci, uxinano luyancitshiswa, kwaye uxinzelelo lomoya luyancitshiswa, ukuze i-voltage yokuqhekeka phakathi kwentambo yokudlulisa kunye nomhlaba, isigaba somqhubi kunye nesigaba incitshiswe, kwaye ukuqhekeka kulula ukwenzeka. Ke ngoko, kwindawo ephezulu yomhlaba, ukuphakama kwentambo kufuneka kuncitshiswe.

5) Umonakalo weentaka. Iintaka zithanda ukubamba amasebe afileyo emilonyeni yazo ukuze zakhe izidleke kwinqaba. Ukuba amasebe abekwe kufutshane okanye awela kumtya wombane, kulula ukuwanqanda. Xa iintaka ezinkulu zibhabha okanye zidlala, zinokuchukumisa ngokulula iingcingo ezininzi, nto leyo ebangela iingozi zomtya omfutshane okanye zokumisa umhlaba. Ke ngoko, imiqondiso ethile inokwenziwa kumgca okanye kwinqaba ukuze iintaka zoyike kwaye zihlale kude nomtya wokuhambisa.

Imozulu embi yokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezikwintambo yokudlulisa amandla atshabalalisayo, ziya kubangela ukusilela okanye umonakalo wezixhobo zokudlulisa, okubangela ukucima kombane, ukulahleka kotshintsho lwentambo, kuchaphazele iimeko zokusebenza kwentambo, amandla okudlulisa kunye namandla okudlulisa, kuphazamise ukunikezelwa kombane, kukhokelele ekusebenzeni kokuqhawulwa kwegridi, nto leyo ebangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Ngokwembono yokhuseleko, eli phepha lihlalutya iingozi zokhuseleko kunye nezizathu zentambo zokudlulisa ezibangelwa kukubetha kombane, izivunguvungu, imililo yeentaba, iintlekele zomkhenkce, inqanaba longcoliseko, ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nomonakalo weentaka, kunye namanyathelo okuthintela kunye nokulawula phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto zentambo zokudlulisa, ngenjongo yokuqinisa uphando lwendlela, uyilo olunengqiqo kunye nothintelo lwesayensi nolusebenzayo kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zamandla ezifanelekileyo, amasebe kunye neengcali. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwentambo yokudlulisa.

Ukuba unemibuzo, ungaqhagamshelana nathi ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

Email:jennifer@anhelec.com

I-Mob(WhatsApp):86 18157758231