Amanqaku aphambili oKhetho loMkhuseli woKhuphelo kunye noHlalutyo lweeNgxaki eziNxulumeneyo

Isikhuseli sokushushu sisikhuseli sesekethe esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, xa simelana ne-transient high voltage, i-high energy pulse, i-fast (10-9s) ukusuka kwi-high impedance yokuqala ukuya kwi-low impedance, kunye ne-transient high voltage interference pulse ukuya kwi-voltage emiselweyo, ukuze sikhusele ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezibuthathaka kumonakalo, umsebenzi wesekethe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

(1) Izixhobo zokukhusela ukutyibilika komoya zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu
Inqanaba lokuqala linokukhupha umbane othe ngqo okanye amandla amakhulu adluliselwayo xa umgca wokudlulisa umbane ubethwa ngqo ngumbane. Ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lokuqala kufuneka lube sisixhobo sokumisa umbane esitshintsha umbane esinezigaba ezintathu, kwaye umbane waso awufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-60kA. Ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziselwa ukusasazwa ngokubanzi.
Injongo yesigaba sesibini kukunciphisa ixabiso le-residual surge voltage ngokusebenzisa i-lightning arrester yesigaba sokuqala ukuya kwi-1500-2000v, kunye nokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-equipotential lwe-lpz1-lpz2. Xa i-power lightning arrester ephuma kumgca wekhabhinethi yokusasaza isetyenziswa njengokhuselo lwenqanaba lesibini, i-voltage limiting power lightning arrester iya kusetyenziswa, kwaye amandla ayo ombane angaphantsi kwe-20KA.

Injongo yenqanaba lesithathu kukukhusela izixhobo ekugqibeleni nokunciphisa ixabiso le-residual surge voltage ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1000V. Njengokhuseleko lwenqanaba lesithathu, kufuneka ibe yi-series voltage limiting power lightning arrester, kwaye amandla ayo ombane angabi ngaphantsi kwe-10kA. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izixhobo zokusasaza amandla esiphelo.
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza kufuneka zikhethe izixhobo zokukhusela i-surge ezifanelekileyo, ezinokwahlulwa zibe yi-TN (TN-S, NC, TN-CS), yona kunye ne-TT.

1) Ukhuseleko oluphambili
Injongo kukuthintela i-surge voltage ukuba ingahambi ngqo ukusuka kwindawo ye-lpz0 ukuya kwindawo ye-lpz1, kunye nokunciphisa i-surge voltage yamashumi amawaka ukuya kumakhulu amawaka e-volts ukuya kwi-2500-3000v.
Xa isixhobo sokuvalela umbane esifakelwe kwicala eliphantsi le-voltage yendlu sisetyenziswa njengokhuselo lomgangatho wokuqala, kufuneka sibe sisixhobo sokuvalela umbane esitshintsha umbane esinezigaba ezintathu, kwaye ukuhamba kombane akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe-60kA. Esi sigaba sokuvalela umbane kufuneka sibe sisixhobo sokuvalela umbane esinamandla aphezulu esiqhagamshelwe phakathi kwesigaba ngasinye somgca ongenayo ekungeneni kwenkqubo yombane yomsebenzisi nomhlaba. Utitshala Di wokufundisa kwi-intanethi ngoyilo lombane ngokubanzi ufuna ukuba esi sigaba sokuvalela umbane ngamandla sibe namandla aphezulu okuchaphazela angaphezu kwe-100kA ngesigaba ngasinye kwaye i-voltage efunekayo enomda ingaphantsi kwe-1500V, ebizwa ngokuba yi-classi level power lightning arrester. Ezi zixhobo zokuvalela umbane ze-electromagnetic zenzelwe ukumelana nomsinga omkhulu wombane kunye nombane obangelwayo kwaye zitsale ukunyuka kwamandla aphezulu, okunokuhambisa inani elikhulu lomsinga wombane emhlabeni. Zibonelela kuphela nge-limiting voltage (xa i-impulse current idlula kwi-power lightning arrester, i-voltage ephezulu kumgca ibizwa ngokuba yi-limiting voltage) njengokhuseleko lwe-medium level, kuba i-classi level protector ifunxa kakhulu i-surge current enkulu, kwaye zodwa azinakukhusela ngokupheleleyo izixhobo zombane ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla.

Isithinteli sombane esisebenza ngamandla esikumgangatho wokuqala sinokuthintela amaza ombane angama-10 / 350us kunye ne-100kA, sifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko elichazwe yi-IEC.
Isalathiso sobuchwephesha sithi: i-lightning flux inkulu kune-100kA (10 / 350us); Ixabiso le-voltage eseleyo ayizukuba ngaphezulu kwe-2.5KV; Ixesha lokuphendula lingaphantsi okanye lilingana ne-100ns.
2) Ukhuseleko lwesibini
Injongo kukunciphisa ixabiso le-residual surge voltage ngokusebenzisa i-first level lightning arrester ukuya kwi-1500-2000v, kunye nokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-equipotential lwe-lpz1-lpz2.
Xa i-power lightning arrester output evela kumgca wekhabhinethi yokusasaza isetyenziswa njengokhuselo lwenqanaba lesibini, i-voltage limit power lightning arrester kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo yokusasaza isebe enika amandla kwizixhobo zombane ezibalulekileyo okanye ezibuthathaka, kwaye amandla ayo ombane wangoku akufuneki abe ngaphantsi kwe-20KA. UMnu. Di, ofundisa ngoyilo lombane kwi-intanethi, ezi power lightning arresters zinokufunxa ngcono amandla aseleyo okuphuma adlula kwi-surge arrester kwindawo yokungena kombane yomsebenzisi, kwaye zibe nefuthe elihle lokuthintela kwi-transient overvoltage.

Umthamo ophezulu wokukhupha umoya wesixhobo sokuthintela umbane esisetyenziswa apha kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-45kA ngesigaba ngasinye, kwaye i-voltage efunekayo yokunciphisa kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1200V, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ClassII power lightning arrester. Ngokubanzi, ukuba inkqubo yombane yomsebenzisi ifikelela kukhuseleko lwenqanaba lesibini, inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane.
Isikhuselo seKlasi C samkelwe kwisithinteli sombane seKlasi II sokukhusela umbane weKlasi II ngokupheleleyo kwisigaba-I, isigaba-I kunye nesigaba-I, kwaye iiparameter eziphambili zobugcisa zezi: amandla ombane wangoku mkhulu kune-40ka okanye ulingana ne-(8 / 20us); Ixabiso eliphezulu levolthi eseleyo ayizukuba ngaphezu kwe-1000V; Ixesha lokuphendula alizukuba ngaphezu kwe-25ns.

3) Ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lesithathu
Injongo kukukhusela izixhobo ekugqibeleni ngokunciphisa i-residue surge voltage ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1000V, ukuze amandla surge onakalise izixhobo.
Xa isixhobo sokuvalela umbane esifakelwe kwisiphelo esingenayo sombane we-AC wezixhobo zolwazi lwe-elektroniki sisetyenziswa njengokhuselo lomgangatho wesithathu, siya kuba sisixhobo sokuvalela umbane esithintela umbane ngothotho lwe-voltage, kwaye amandla aso ombane ngoku akufuneki abe ngaphantsi kwe-10kA.
Okokugqibela, isixhobo sokuvalela umbane esakhelwe ngaphakathi singasetyenziswa kumbane wangaphakathi wezixhobo zombane ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo i-overvoltage encinci yesikhashana. Mnu. Di, imfundiso ekwi-intanethi yoyilo lombane, amandla aphezulu okuchaphazela i-power lightning arrester esetyenziswa apha kufuneka abe yi-20KA ngesigaba okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye i-voltage efunekayo yokunciphisa kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-1000V. Kwezinye izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezibalulekileyo okanye ezinobuthathaka, kuyimfuneko ukuba nokhuseleko lwenqanaba lesithathu, kwaye lunokukhusela nezixhobo zombane kwi-overvoltage yesikhashana eveliswa ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Kumbane olungisayo osetyenziselwa izixhobo zonxibelelwano lwe-microwave, izixhobo zonxibelelwano zesikhululo esiphathwayo kunye nezixhobo ze-radar, izixhobo zokuvalela umbane ze-DC ezine-voltage yokusebenza efanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe njengokhuseleko olungekho kwinqanaba ngokweemfuno zokhuseleko lwe-voltage yazo yokusebenza.

4) Ngokwenqanaba le-voltage yokumelana nezixhobo ezikhuselweyo
Ukuba ukhuselo lombane olunamanqanaba amabini lunokunciphisa i-voltage engaphantsi kwenqanaba le-voltage yokumelana nezixhobo, kufuneka ukhuseleko olunamanqanaba amabini kuphela. Ukuba inqanaba le-voltage yokumelana nezixhobo liphantsi, amanqanaba amane okanye ngaphezulu okhuseleko anokufuneka. Umthamo wamandla ombane wokhuseleko lomgangatho wesine akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwe-5ka.
(2) Kutheni i-fuse kunye ne-circuit breaker kufuneka zixhotyiswe phambi kwe-surge protector?
Xa umsinga wokungena odlula kwisikhuseli somoya ungaphezulu kune-IMAX yayo, isikhuseli somoya siya kwaphuka size singasebenzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho impazamo yesekethe emfutshane. Ukuze kunqunyulwe impazamo yesekethe emfutshane, kuyimfuneko ukufaka i-circuit breaker okanye i-fuse. UMnu. Di, ofundisa uyilo lombane kwi-intanethi, yonke i-lightning stroke iya kubangela ukuguga kwesikhuseli somoya. Umzekelo, ukuba umsinga ukhona ixesha elide, isikhuseli somoya siya kutshisa kakhulu kwaye sikhawulezise ukuguga. Ngeli xesha, inkqubo yokukhusela ubushushu ye-circuit breaker okanye i-fuse kufuneka isebenze ukuze ikhuphe isikhuseli somoya ngaphambi kokuba isikhuseli somoya sifikelele kubushushu obuphezulu obuvumelekileyo.

Iimfuno zomkhuseli we-surge kwi-fuse kunye ne-circuit breaker: xa kusetyenziswa ii-20 standard 8/20 microsecond kunye ne-1.2/50 microsecond test pulses phantsi komlinganiselo wamandla, i-circuit breaker okanye i-fuse ayizukukhubeka. Xa umkhuseli we-surge ephukileyo kwaye i-short circuit circuit, i-circuit breaker okanye i-fuse iya kusebenza. Ukuba umkhuseli we-surge yi-switching module, kuba imo yayo yomonakalo yi-open circuit, inokukhuselwa ngaphandle kwe-miniature circuit breaker kunye ne-fuse.
Zombini i-fuse kunye ne-circuit breaker zingasetyenziswa njengokhuselo oluphezulu lwe-surge protector. Iimpawu ze-fuse; I-fuse inemisebenzi emibini yokukhusela yokulibaziseka kwexesha elide kunye ne-instantaneous current eneempawu ze-inverse time limit. UMnu. Di, imfundiso ekwi-intanethi yoyilo lombane, isetyenziswa njengokhuseleko lokugqithisa kunye ne-short-circuit ngokulandelanayo, oko kukuthi, ikhonkco le-fuse kufuneka litshintshwe emva kokudibanisa iimpazamo. Iimpawu ze-circuit breaker: i-circuit breaker inokhuseleko lokukhawuleza kunye nokhuseleko lobushushu olugqithisileyo. Emva kokuqhawulwa kwempazamo, inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngesandla ngaphandle kokutshintsha izinto.
Jonga umahluko phakathi kwemigca engenayo: Isithinteli sokushushuluza esingu-440V kufuneka sikhethwe kwinkqubo yentambo ezintlanu ye-280v enezigaba ezintathu okanye inkqubo yentambo ezine ye-380V enezigaba ezintathu. Isithinteli sokushushuluza esingu-220V kufuneka sikhethwe kwinkqubo yentambo ezimbini ye-220V enezigaba ezimbini okanye inkqubo yentambo ezintathu ye-220V enezigaba enye. Ukongeza, qaphela: inqanaba lokhuseleko lesithinteli sokushushuluza esikhethiweyo linqanaba lesi-2 le-280v enezigaba ezintathu kumgca ongenayo wesakhiwo sokuhlala; Ibanga lesi-3 le-220V enezigaba enye.
Emva kokuba umgca wenkqubo ye-TN-CS ungene kwibhokisi yokusasazwa ngokubanzi kwesakhiwo, umgca wepeni wahlulwe waba ngumgca we-N kunye nomgca we-PE. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukufaka isikhuseli sokushushuza phakathi komgca wesigaba I kunye nomgca wepeni.
Iswitshi ephambi kwe-surge protector inokukhetha i-fuse kunye ne-circuit breaker. Ngokubanzi, i-40 ~ 63A kufuneka ikhethwe kwi-IMAX > 40ka kwaye i-20 ~ 32A kufuneka ikhethwe kwi-IMAX < 40ka.

(3) Ngaba isikhuseli sokunyuka kombane kunye nesixhobo sokumisa umbane ziyafana?
Nangona zombini i-surge protector kunye ne-lightning arrester zinomsebenzi wokuthintela i-overvoltage, ingakumbi i-lightning overvoltage, zisenazo iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
1) Izithinteli zinemigangatho emininzi yevolthi, ukusuka kwi-0.38kv ivolthi ephantsi ukuya kwi-500kV UHV, ngelixa izixhobo zokukhusela i-surge ngokubanzi zinemveliso yevolthi ephantsi kuphela;

2) Izixhobo zokuthintela umbane zifakwa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuqala ukuthintela ukuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo kwamaza ombane, ngelixa izixhobo zokukhusela umbane zifakwa kakhulu kwinkqubo yesibini, nto leyo eyindlela eyongezelelweyo emva kokuba isixhobo sokuthintela umbane sisuse ukuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo kwamaza ombane okanye xa isixhobo sokuthintela umbane singawususi amaza ombane;

3) Isithinteli sombane sisetyenziselwa ukukhusela izixhobo zombane, kwaye isithinteli sokunyuka kwesantya sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukukhusela izixhobo ze-elektroniki okanye iimitha;
4) Ekubeni i-arrester iqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yombane ephambili, kufuneka ibe nokusebenza okwaneleyo kokukhusela ngaphandle kunye nobukhulu bembonakalo enkulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-surge protector iqhagamshelwe kwi-voltage ephantsi, ubungakanani bunokuba buncinci kakhulu.