IINTLOBO ZEZITHINTELI

1. Isigqubutheli sokumiswa

Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni nasekulungiseni iintambo zothumelo eziphezulu ze-high-voltage kunye neebhasi ezithambileyo ekuveliseni umbane nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi. Phakathi kwee-suspension insulators, inokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi ibe zii-disc suspension insulators kunye nee-rod suspension insulators. Ii-disc suspension insulators zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintambo zothumelo. Ii-suspension insulators ezimile okwentonga zisetyenziswa kakhulu eJamani nakwamanye amazwe.

2. Isigqubuthelo seentsika

Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekugqumeni nasekufakeni izixhobo zombane kwizityalo zamandla nakwizikhululo zamandla. Ukongeza, ii-post insulators zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenxalenye yezixhobo zombane ezifana nezixhumi kunye neziphuli zesekethe.

Phakathi kwee-insulators zepillar, inokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi ibe zii-insulators zepillar zohlobo lwepin kunye nee-insulators zepillar zohlobo lwerod. Ii-insulators zepillar zohlobo lwepin zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigca yokusasazwa kwe-voltage ephantsi kunye nemigca yonxibelelwano, kwaye ii-insulators zeposti ezimile okwentonga zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizikhululo ze-high-voltage.

3. Izithinteli ze-porcelain

Ii-insulators zi-insulator ezenziwe ngee-ceramics zombane. Ii-ceramics zombane zibhakwa nge-quartz, i-feldspar kunye nodongwe. Umphezulu weqhekeza le-porcelain le-insulator ye-porcelain uhlala ugqunywe yi-enamel ukuphucula amandla ayo oomatshini, ukungangeni manzi kunye nokungena ngaphakathi, kunye nokunyusa ukuguda komphezulu. Phakathi kwazo zonke iintlobo ze-insulators, ii-insulators ze-porcelain zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

4. Izithinteli zeglasi

Izigqubuthelo Izigqubuthelo ezenziwe ngeglasi eqinisiweyo. Umphezulu wayo ukwimeko yokuxinezeleka okucinezelweyo, njengokuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kombane, isigqubuthelo seglasi siya kuqhekeka sibe ziingceba ezincinci, ezaziwa ngokuba “kukuziqhumisa”. Olu phawu lususa isidingo sokubhaqwa “kwexabiso eliphantsi” kwezigqubuthelo zeglasi ngexesha lokusebenza.

5. Isigqubuthelo esidityanisiweyo

Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-insulator yokwenziwa. Inxalenye yokukhusela yi-insulator eyenziwe ngentonga yeglasi ye-resin core, i-organic material sheath kunye ne-umbrella skirt. Ibonakala ngobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obulula, amandla aphezulu okutsalwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuchasana nokungcola. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okuchasana nokwaluphala awalingani nalawo e-porcelain kunye ne-glass insulators.

Izithinteli ze-composite ziquka: izithinteli ze-suspension ezimile okwentonga, ii-insulators ezinqamlezayo, izithinteli zeposi kunye nezithinteli ze-hollow. Izithinteli ze-composite zingathatha indawo yezithinteli ze-porcelain ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane, ezifana nee-transformers, ii-arresters, ii-circuit breakers, ii-capacitive bushings kunye nee-cable terminations. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-porcelain sleeve, ayinazo nje kuphela iingenelo zamandla aphezulu oomatshini, ubunzima obulula kunye nokunyamezelana okuncinci, kodwa ikwanokuthintela umonakalo obangelwa kukuqhumisa.

6. Ii-insulators ze-voltage ephantsi kunye nee-insulators ze-voltage ephezulu

Ii-insulators ze-voltage ephantsi zibhekisa kwii-insulators ezisetyenziselwa imigca yokusasazwa kwe-voltage ephantsi kunye neentambo zonxibelelwano. Ii-insulators ze-voltage ephezulu zibhekisa kwii-insulators ezisetyenziselwa imigca yokudlulisela ephezulu ye-voltage, ephezulu kakhulu kunye nee-substations. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-voltage, amanani ahlukeneyo e-insulators enye yohlobo olufanayo adla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iintambo ze-insulator okanye ii-struts ze-insulating ezinamacandelo amaninzi.

7. Isigqubuthelo sokuthintela ungcoliseko

Eyona ndlela iphambili kukwandisa okanye ukwandisa ishedi okanye ubambo lwe-insulator ukwandisa umgama wokuqhekeka kwe-insulator ukuphucula amandla ombane e-insulator kwimeko engcolileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo kunye nemilo yeshedi nayo iyatshintshwa ukunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kwendalo kongcoliseko phezu komhlaba ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-insulator yokulwa nongcoliseko.

Umlinganiselo we-creepage we-insulators ezimelana nongcoliseko ngokubanzi uphezulu ngama-20% ukuya kuma-30% kune-insulators eziqhelekileyo, okanye nangaphezulu. I-insulators ezimelana nongcoliseko ezikwimo yee-ambrela ezineengqimba ezimbini zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezine-flashovers yongcoliseko rhoqo kwigridi yamandla yaseTshayina. Ezi insulators zinamandla okuzicoca kwaye kulula ukuzicoca ngesandla.

8. Isigqubuthelo seDC

Ngokuyintloko ibhekisa kwii-disc insulators ezisetyenziswa kwi-DC transmission. Ii-DC insulators zihlala zinee-creepage mide kune-AC insulators ezimelana nongcoliseko, kwaye ii-insulators zazo zinomthamo ophezulu wokuchasana, kwaye izixhobo zazo zokudibanisa kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngee-electrodes ezithintela ukubola kwe-electrolytic.