Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-high voltage circuit breaker kunye ne-isolation switch?

Isixhobo sokwaphula isekethe esinombane ophezulu (okanye iswitshi esinombane ophezulu) sisixhobo esiphambili sokulawula umbane sesikhululo, esineempawu zokucima i-arc, xa sisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwinkqubo, sinokunqumla kwaye sidlule kumgca kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane ezingenamthwalo kunye nomthwalo wangoku; Xa kuvela impazamo kwinkqubo, yona kunye nokukhuselwa kwereyila, zinokunqumla ngokukhawuleza umbane wempazamo, ukuthintela ukwanda kobubanzi bengozi.

Iswitshi yokuqhawula ayinaso isixhobo sokucima i-arc. Nangona imigaqo ichaza ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwimeko apho umsinga womthwalo ungaphantsi kwe-5A, ngokubanzi ayisebenzi ngomthwalo. Nangona kunjalo, iswitshi yokuqhawula inesakhiwo esilula, kwaye imeko yayo yokusebenza inokubonwa ngokujonga nje kwimbonakalo. Kukho indawo yokuqhawula ecacileyo ngexesha lokulungiswa.

I-circuit breaker esetyenziswayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"switch", i-disconnecting switch esetyenziswayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"knife brake", zombini ezi zisetyenziswa rhoqo xa zidibene. Umahluko phakathi kwe-circuit breaker ene-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-disconnecting switch ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1) Iswitshi yomthwalo wevolthi ephezulu ingaphulwa ngomthwalo, kunye nomsebenzi we-arc ozicimayo, kodwa amandla ayo okuqhekeka mancinci kakhulu kwaye anqongophele.

2) Iswitshi yokuqhawula i-voltage ephezulu ngokubanzi ayisebenzi xa umthwalo uphukile, akukho sakhiwo se-arc cover, kukwakho neswitshi yokuqhawula i-voltage ephezulu enokwaphula umthwalo, kodwa isakhiwo sahlukile kwiswitshi yomthwalo, silula kakhulu.

3) Iswitshi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu kunye neswitshi yokuqhawula i-voltage ephezulu zinokwenza indawo ecacileyo yokuqhekeka. Uninzi lwee-circuit breakers ze-voltage ephezulu azinawo umsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa, kwaye ezinye ezimbalwa zee-circuit breakers ze-voltage ephezulu zinomsebenzi wokuzihlukanisa.

4) Iswitshi yokuqhawula i-voltage ephezulu ayinawo umsebenzi wokukhusela, ukhuseleko lweswitshi yomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu ngokubanzi lukhuseleko lwe-fuse, kuphela ukuqhekeka okukhawulezayo kunye nokudlula kombane.

5) Umthamo wokuqhekeka kwee-circuit breakers ze-voltage ephezulu unokuba phezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Thembela kakhulu kwi-transformer yangoku enezixhobo zesibini zokukhusela. Inokuba nokhuseleko lwe-short circuit, ukhuseleko lokugqithisela, ukhuseleko lokuvuza kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Ukwahlulwa kweendlela zokusebenza kweswitshi

1. Uhlu lwendlela yokusebenza yokutshintsha

Ngoku sifumanisa ukuba iswitshi yahlulwe ngokubanzi yaba yioyile engaphezulu (iimodeli ezindala, ngoku azibonakali), ioyile encinci (ezinye izitishi zabasebenzisi zisekhona), i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS (izixhobo zombane ezidibeneyo) kunye nezinye iintlobo. Zonke ezi zinto zimalunga ne-arcing medium yeswitshi. Kweyesibini, indlela yokusebenza yeswitshi inxulumene kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwendlela yokusebenza lungahlulwahlulwa lube yindlela yokusebenza nge-electromagnetic (endala, ngokubanzi kwi-oyile okanye ngaphantsi i-oyile circuit breaker ixhotyiswe ngale ndlela); Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo (ngoku yeyona ixhaphakileyo, i-SF6, i-vacuum, i-GIS ngokubanzi ixhotyiswe ngale ndlela); I-ABB isandula ukwazisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-magnet operator esisigxina (njenge-VM1 vacuum circuit breaker).

2. Indlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic

Indlela yokusebenza kwe-electromagnetic ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekutsalweni kwe-electromagnetic okuveliswa ngumsinga wokuvala ohamba nge-coil yokuvala ukuze uvale kwaye ucinezele i-trip spring. Uhambo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-trip spring ukuze lunike amandla.

Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokusebenza luncinci, kodwa umsinga wokuvala mkhulu kakhulu, ngokukhawuleza ungafikelela kwi-amperes ezingaphezu kwe-100.

Yingakho inkqubo ye-dc yesitishi esingaphantsi kufuneka ivule kwaye ivale ibhasi ukuze ilawule ibhasi. Umama ovalayo unika amandla okuvala, kwaye umama olawulayo unika amandla kwiluphu yokulawula.

Ibhasi yokuvala ixhonywe ngqo kwipakethi yebhetri, i-voltage yokuvala yi-voltage yepakethi yebhetri (ngokubanzi malunga ne-240V), ukusetyenziswa kwesiphumo sokukhupha ibhetri ukubonelela ngombane omkhulu xa uvala, kwaye i-voltage ibukhali kakhulu xa uvala. Kwaye ibhasi yokulawula idlula kwi-silicon chain step-down kwaye umama uqhagamshelwe kunye (ngokubanzi ilawulwa kwi-220V), ukuvala akuyi kuchaphazela uzinzo lwe-voltage yebhasi yokulawula. Ngenxa yokuba umbane wokuvala wendlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic mkhulu kakhulu, isekethe yokuvala ekhuselayo ayidluli ngqo kwi-coil yokuvala, kodwa nge-contactor yokuvala. Isekethe yohambo iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-trip coil.

Ikhoyili yecontactor yokuvala idla ngokuba luhlobo lwe-voltage, ixabiso lokuxhathisa likhulu (ii-K ezimbalwa). Xa ukhuseleko luhambelana nale sekethe, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuvala ukuze kuqhubeke ukuqalisa ngokubanzi. Kodwa oku akuyongxaki, uhambo lugcina i-TBJ ingaqala ngokubanzi, ngoko ke umsebenzi wokulwa nokutsiba usekhona. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lunexesha elide lokuvala (ii-120ms ~ ii-200ms) kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuvula (ii-60 ~ ii-80ms).

3. Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo

Olu hlobo lwendlela yokusebenza yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku, ukuvala nokuvula kwayo kuxhomekeke kwintwasahlobo ukunika amandla, ikhoyili yokuvala ukutsiba inika amandla kuphela okukhupha iphini yokumisa intwasahlobo, ngoko ke umsinga wokuvala ukutsiba ngokubanzi awumkhulu. Indawo yokugcina amandla entwasahlobo icinezelwa yimoto yokugcina amandla.

Iluphu yesibini yomqhubi wokugcina amandla entwasahlobo

Kwindlela yokusebenza elastiki, ibhasi yokuvala inika amandla ikakhulu kwimoto yokugcina amandla, kwaye umbane awumkhulu, ngoko ke akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi kwebhasi yokuvala kunye nebhasi elawulayo. Ukhuseleko ngokuhambelana kwayo, ngokubanzi akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yokunika ingqalelo kwindawo.

4. Umqhubi wemagnethi osisigxina

I-operator yemagnethi esisigxina yindlela esetyenziswa yi-ABB kwimarike yasekhaya, eyaqala yasetyenziswa kwi-VM1 10kV vacuum circuit breaker yayo.

Umgaqo wayo ufana kakhulu nohlobo lwe-electromagnetic, ishaft yokuqhuba yenziwe ngezinto zemagnethi ezisisigxina, imagnethi esisigxina ejikeleze ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic.

Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic ayitshajiswa, xa iswitshi ivula okanye ivala, ngokutshintsha i-polarity yekhoyili kusetyenziswa umgaqo wokutsala okanye wokugxotha i-magnetic, i-drive ivule okanye ivale.

Nangona lo msinga ungemncinci, iswitshi "igcinwa" yi-capacitor enkulu, ekhutshwayo ukuze inike umsinga omkhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.

Iingenelo zale ndlela yokusebenza zincinci, iindawo ezincinci zoomatshini bokudlulisa, ngoko ke ukuthembeka kungcono kunendlela yokusebenza ethambileyo.

Ngokudibene nesixhobo sethu sokukhusela, i-tripping loop yethu iqhuba i-solid-state relay enokumelana okuphezulu efuna ukuba siyinike i-pulse yesenzo.

Ngoko ke, iswitshi, ukugcina loop ngokuqinisekileyo ayinakuqalwa, ukhuseleko lokutsiba aluyi kuqalwa (indlela ngokwayo ene-jump).

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yevolthi ephezulu yokusebenza ye-solid-state relay, uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwe-TW negative luqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yokuvala, engayi kubangela ukuba i-solid-state relay isebenze, kodwa inokubangela ukuba i-position relay ingaqali ngenxa yevolthi eninzi kakhulu.

1. Isilinda sokukhusela esingaphezulu (esinegumbi lokucima i-vacuum arc)

2. Yehlisa isilinda yokukhusela

3. Isibambo sokuvula ngesandla

4. I-Chassis (indlela yokusebenza yemagnethi esisigxina eyakhelwe ngaphakathi)

Isiguquli seVolthi

6. Phantsi kocingo

7. Isiguquli sangoku

8. Kwi-intanethi

Le meko idibene nayo kwintsimi, inkqubo ethile yohlalutyo kunye nokucubungula inokubonwa kwicandelo letyala lokulungisa iimpazamo kweli phepha, kukho iinkcazo ezineenkcukacha.

Kukwakho neemveliso zendlela yokusebenza kwemagnethi esisigxina eTshayina, kodwa umgangatho awuzange ufikelele kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo ngaphambili. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umgangatho uye waziswa kancinci kancinci kwimarike. Xa kujongwa iindleko, indlela yemagnethi esisigxina yasekhaya ngokubanzi ayinayo i-capacitance, kwaye umbane unikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo yibhasi yokuvala.

Indlela yethu yokusebenza iqhutywa sisixhobo sokudibanisa esivuliweyo (uhlobo lwangoku olukhethiweyo ngokubanzi), ukubamba kunye nokuchasana nokutsiba ngokubanzi kunokuqaliswa.

5. Uhlobo lwe-FS "switch" kunye nezinye

Oko sikukhankanyileyo apha ngasentla zii-circuit breakers (ezaziwa ngokuba zii-switches), kodwa sinokudibana noko abasebenzisi bakubiza ngokuba zii-FS switches kulwakhiwo lwe-power plant. I-FS switch imfutshane kakhulu ne-load switch + fast fuse.

Ngenxa yokuba iswitshi ibiza kakhulu, le sekethe ye-FS isetyenziselwa ukonga iindleko. Umbane oqhelekileyo ususwa yiswitshi yomthwalo, kwaye umbane wempazamo ususwa yifuse ekhawulezayo.

Olu hlobo lwesekethe luqhelekile kwinkqubo yesikhululo samandla se-6kV. Ukhuseleko oluhambelana nesekethe enjalo ludla ngokufuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhubeka okanye ukuvumela ukususwa komsinga oguquguqukayo ngokukhawuleza ngokulibaziseka xa umsinga wempazamo ungaphezulu komsinga ovumelekileyo wokuqhekeza weswitshi yomthwalo. Abanye abasebenzisi besikhululo samandla basenokungafuni ukukhusela iluphu yokubamba.

Ngenxa yomgangatho ophantsi weswitshi, i-assistant contact isenokungabikho, kwaye xa i-keeping circuit iqalisiwe, kufuneka ixhomekeke kwi-breaker assistant contact ukuze ivuleke ngaphambi kokuba ibuye, kungenjalo i-jump closing current iya kongezwa kwi-jump closing coil ide itshise i-coil.

I-jump closing coil yenzelwe ukuba isebenze ixesha elifutshane. Ukuba umsinga wongezwa ixesha elide, kulula ukuwucima. Kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo sifuna ukuba ne-holding loop, kungenjalo kulula kakhulu ukutshisa izithinteli zokukhusela.

Kakade ke, ukuba umsebenzisi wentsimi uyaphikelela, iluphu yokubamba nayo ingasuswa. Ngokubanzi, indlela elula kukunqumla umgca kwibhodi yesekethe egcina unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvulekileyo lwe-relay kunye ne-positive control female.

Kwindawo yokulungisa ingxaki kufuneka uqaphele, ukuba iswitshi ivuliwe kwaye ivaliwe, isalathisi sendawo sivaliwe. (ngaphandle kwentwasahlobo ayigcinwanga amandla, apho iphaneli ibonisa ukuba intwasahlobo ayigcinwanga i-alamu yamandla). Amandla olawulo kufuneka acinywe ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ukutsha kwe-switch coil. Lo ngumgaqo osisiseko ekufuneka ukhunjulwe kwangoko.