Izakhono ezintlanu zoyilo kunye neempawu zobugcisa zesensor

Inani lee-sensors liyanda emhlabeni wonke nakwiiNdawo ezisingqongileyo, zibonelela ngedatha kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi sensors zifikelelekayo zingumthombo oqhuba uphuhliso lwe-Intanethi yezinto kunye noguquko lwedijithali olujongene noluntu lwethu, kodwa ukudibanisa nokufikelela idatha kwiisensors akusoloko kuhamba ngokuthe ngqo okanye kulula. Eli phepha liza kwazisa isalathiso sobuchwephesha beesensor, izakhono ezi-5 zoyilo kunye namashishini e-OEM.

Okokuqala, isalathisi sobuchwephesha sisisiseko esibalulekileyo sokubonakalisa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Qonda izalathisi zobugcisa, nceda ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni imveliso ngokuchanekileyo. Izalathisi zobugcisa zesensor zahlulwe zibe zizalathisi ezingashukumiyo kunye nezalathisi ezitshintshatshintshayo. Izalathisi ezingashukumiyo zijonga ikakhulu ukusebenza kwesensor phantsi kwemeko yokungaguquguquki okungashukumiyo, kubandakanya isisombululo, ukuphindaphinda, uvakalelo, ulungelelwano, impazamo yokubuyela, umda, ukuqhekeka, uzinzo njalo njalo. Isalathisi esishukumisayo sijonga ikakhulu ukusebenza kwesensor phantsi kwemeko yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo, kubandakanya impendulo yamaza kunye nempendulo yenyathelo.

Ngenxa yezalathisi ezininzi zobugcisa zesensor, idatha eyahlukeneyo kunye noncwadi zichazwa kwiikona ezahlukeneyo, ukuze abantu abahlukeneyo babe nokuqonda okwahlukileyo, kwanokungaqondani kunye nokungacaci. Ngenxa yoku, ezi zalathisi zilandelayo ziphambili zobugcisa zesensor zitolikwa:

1, isisombululo kunye nesisombululo:

Inkcazo: Isisombululo sibhekisa kutshintsho oluncinci olulinganisiweyo olunokubonwa sisiva. Isisombululo sibhekisa kumlinganiselo wesisombululo kwixabiso elipheleleyo lesikali.

Ingcaciso 1: Isisombululo sesona sibonakaliso sisisiseko sesenzi. Simela amandla esenzi sokwahlula izinto ezilinganisiweyo. Ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa zesenzi zichazwe ngokwesisombululo njengeyunithi encinci.

Kwizixhobo zokubona kunye nezixhobo ezinesiboniso sedijithali, isisombululo simisela inani elincinci lamanani ekufuneka liboniswe. Umzekelo, isisombululo se-caliper yedijithali ye-elektroniki yi-0.01mm, kwaye impazamo yesalathisi yi-±0.02mm.

Ingcaciso yesi-2: Isisombululo linani elipheleleyo elineeyunithi. Umzekelo, isisombululo senzwa yobushushu yi-0.1℃, isisombululo senzwa yokukhawulezisa yi-0.1g, njl.njl.

Ingcaciso 3: Isisombululo yingcamango enxulumeneyo nefana kakhulu nesisombululo, zombini ezimele isisombululo senzwa kumlinganiselo.

Umahluko ophambili kukuba isisombululo sichazwa njengepesenti yesisombululo sesensor. Sihambelana kwaye asinamlinganiselo. Umzekelo, isisombululo sesensor yobushushu yi-0.1℃, uluhlu olupheleleyo yi-500℃, isisombululo yi-0.1/500=0.02%.

2. Ukuphinda-phinda:

Inkcazo: Ukuphindaphinda kwesenzi kubhekisa kwinqanaba lomahluko phakathi kweziphumo zokulinganisa xa umlinganiselo uphindaphindwa izihlandlo ezininzi kwicala elifanayo phantsi kwemeko efanayo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimpazamo yokuphindaphinda, impazamo yokuvelisa kwakhona, njl.njl.

Ingcaciso 1: Ukuphindaphinda kwesensor kufuneka kube yinqanaba lomahluko phakathi kokulinganisa okuninzi okufunyenwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Ukuba iimeko zokulinganisa ziyatshintsha, ukuthelekiswa phakathi kweziphumo zokulinganisa kuya kunyamalala, okungenakusetyenziselwa njengesiseko sokuvavanya ukuphindaphinda.

Ingcaciso yesi-2: Ukuphindaphinda kwesensor kubonisa ukusasazwa kunye nokungacwangciswanga kweziphumo zokulinganisa zesensor. Isizathu sokusasazwa kunye nokungacwangciswanga okunjalo kukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka okuhlukeneyo okungacwangciswanga ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesensor, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo zokulinganisa zokugqibela zesensor ezibonisa iimpawu zezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingacwangciswanga.

Ingcaciso 3: Ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-random variable kunokusetyenziswa njenge-reproducible quantitative expression.

Ingcaciso yesi-4: Kwimilinganiselo ephindaphindwayo emininzi, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokulinganisa kunokufumaneka ukuba umyinge wazo zonke izilinganiso uthathwa njengesiphumo sokulinganisa sokugqibela. Kuba ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwe-mean kuncinci kakhulu kunokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo komlinganiselo ngamnye.

3. Ulungelelwano:

Inkcazo: Umgca (Umgca) ubhekisa ekuphambukeni kwe-sensor input kunye ne-output curve ukusuka kumgca othe tye ofanelekileyo.

Ingcaciso 1: Ubudlelwane obufanelekileyo bokufaka/ukuphuma kwenzwa kufuneka bube bumgca othe tye, kwaye igophe layo lokufaka/ukuphuma kufuneka libe ngumgca othe tye (umgca obomvu kumfanekiso ongezantsi).

Nangona kunjalo, i-sensor yokwenyani ineempazamo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-input and output curve yokwenyani ingabi ngumgca othe tye ofanelekileyo, kodwa yi-curve (i-curve eluhlaza kumfanekiso ongezantsi).

Umgca-mgca ngumlinganiselo womahluko phakathi kwegophe lokwenyani le-sensor kunye nomgca ongekho kumgca-mgca, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-nonlinearity okanye i-nonlinear error.

Ingcaciso yesi-2: Ngenxa yokuba umahluko phakathi kwegophe lokwenyani le-sensor kunye nomgca ofanelekileyo wahlukile ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo bokulinganisa, umlinganiselo wexabiso eliphezulu lomahluko kwixabiso elipheleleyo loluhlu udla ngokusetyenziswa kuluhlu olupheleleyo loluhlu. Ngokucacileyo, ulungelelwaniso lukwangumlinganiselo ohambelanayo.

Ingcaciso 3: Ngenxa yokuba umgca ofanelekileyo we-sensor awaziwa kwimeko yokulinganisa ngokubanzi, awunakufunyanwa.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, indlela yokulungelelanisa idla ngokusetyenziswa, oko kukuthi, kusetyenziswa ngqo iziphumo zokulinganisa ze-sensor ukubala umgca wokulinganisa okufutshane nomgca ofanelekileyo. Iindlela ezithile zokubala ziquka indlela yomgca wesiphelo, indlela yomgca ongcono, indlela yesikwere esincinci njalo njalo.

4. Uzinzo:

Inkcazo: Uzinzo kukukwazi kwesensor ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo kangangexesha elithile.

Ingcaciso 1: Uzinzo luphawu oluphambili lokuphanda ukuba ingaba isenzi sisebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwixesha elithile. Izinto ezikhokelela ekungazinzini kwesenzi ziquka ukushukuma kobushushu kunye nokukhululwa koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ke ngoko, kuyanceda ukwandisa imbuyekezo yobushushu kunye nonyango lokwaluphala ukuphucula uzinzo.

Ingcaciso yesi-2: Uzinzo lunokwahlulwa lube luzinzo lwexesha elifutshane kunye nozinzo lwexesha elide ngokwexesha elide. Xa ixesha lokujonga lifutshane kakhulu, uzinzo kunye nokuphindaphinda kusondele. Ke ngoko, isalathisi sozinzo sihlola ikakhulu uzinzo lwexesha elide. Ubude bexesha elithile, ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo imeko-bume kunye neemfuno zokumisela.

Ingcaciso 3: Zombini impazamo epheleleyo kunye nempazamo ehambelanayo zingasetyenziselwa ukubonakaliswa kobuninzi besalathisi sozinzo. Umzekelo, inzwa yamandla ohlobo loxinzelelo inozinzo lwe-0.02%/12h.

5. Isantya sokuvavanya:

Inkcazo: Izinga leSampuli libhekisa kwinani leziphumo zokulinganisa ezinokuthathwa isampuli yi-sensor ngexesha leyunithi nganye.

Ingcaciso 1: Ubuninzi besampulu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ebonisa iimpawu ezitshintshayo zesensor, ebonisa amandla okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwesensor. Ubuninzi besampulu yenye yeempawu zobugcisa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo kwimeko yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza komlinganiselo. Ngokomthetho wesampulu kaShannon, ubuninzi besampulu yesensor akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwezihlandlo ezi-2 zotshintsho lobuninzi besampulu.

Ingcaciso yesi-2: Ngokusebenzisa iifrequensi ezahlukeneyo, ukuchaneka kwesensor kuyahluka ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ifrequency yokuthatha iisampulu iphezulu, kokukhona ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kuphantsi.

Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwesensor kudla ngokufumaneka ngesantya esiphantsi sokuthatha isampuli okanye naphantsi kweemeko ezingashukumiyo. Ke ngoko, ukuchaneka kunye nesantya kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekukhetheni isensor.

Iingcebiso ezintlanu zoyilo lwezinzwa

1. Qala ngesixhobo sebhasi

Njengenyathelo lokuqala, injineli kufuneka iqale ngokuqhagamshela i-sensor ngesixhobo sebhasi ukuze inciphise okungaziwayo. Isixhobo sebhasi siqhagamshela ikhompyutha yobuqu (i-PC) size emva koko siye kwi-I2C, i-SPI, okanye enye iprotocol ye-sensor evumela i-sensor ukuba "ithethe". Usetyenziso lwe-PC oluhambelana nesixhobo sebhasi esibonelela ngomthombo owaziwayo nosebenzayo wokuthumela nokufumana idatha engeyiyo i-embedded microcontroller (MCU) driver engaziwayo, engaqinisekiswanga. Kwimeko ye-Bus utility, umphuhlisi angathumela kwaye afumane imiyalezo ukuze aqonde indlela esebenza ngayo icandelo ngaphambi kokuba azame ukusebenza kwinqanaba elifakwe ngaphakathi.

2. Bhala ikhowudi yojongano lothumelo kwiPython

Nje ukuba umphuhlisi azame ukusebenzisa izinzwa zesixhobo sebhasi, inyathelo elilandelayo kukubhala ikhowudi yesicelo sezinzwa. Endaweni yokutsiba ngqo kwikhowudi ye-microcontroller, bhala ikhowudi yesicelo kwiPython. Iinkonzo ezininzi zebhasi zimisela ii-plug-ins kunye nekhowudi yesampulu xa zibhala izikripthi, ezidla ngokulandela iPython. NET olunye lweelwimi ezikhoyo kwi-.net. Ukubhala usetyenziso kwiPython kuyakhawuleza kwaye kulula, kwaye kubonelela ngendlela yokuvavanya izinzwa kwizicelo ezingezizo ezinzima njengokuvavanya kwindawo efakwe ngaphakathi. Ukuba nekhowudi ephezulu kuya kwenza kube lula kwiinjineli ezingafakwanga ngaphakathi ukuba zichonge izikripthi zezinzwa kunye novavanyo ngaphandle kokhathalelo lwenjineli yesoftware efakwe ngaphakathi.

3. Vavanya i-sensor nge-Micro Python

Enye yeenzuzo zokubhala ikhowudi yokuqala yesicelo kwiPython kukuba iifowuni zesicelo kwi-Bus-utility application Programming interface (API) zinokutshintshwa ngokulula ngokubiza iMicro Python. IMicro Python isebenza kwisoftware efakwe ngexesha langempela, enezinzwa ezininzi zoonjineli ukuze baqonde ixabiso layo. IMicro Python isebenza kwiprosesa yeCortex-M4, kwaye yindawo elungileyo apho unokufumana khona ikhowudi yesicelo. Ayilula nje kuphela, akukho mfuneko yokubhala ii-I2C okanye ii-SPI drivers apha, njengoko sele zigutyungelwe kwilayibrari yomsebenzi yeMicro Python.

4. Sebenzisa ikhowudi yomthengisi we-sensor

Nayiphi na ikhowudi yesampulu enokuthi "ikhuhlwe" kumenzi wesenzi senzwa, iinjineli kuya kufuneka zihambe umgama omde ukuze ziqonde indlela esebenza ngayo isenzi senzwa. Ngelishwa, abathengisi abaninzi besenzi senzwa abaziingcali kuyilo lwesoftware efakwe ngaphakathi, ngoko ke ungalindeli ukufumana umzekelo olungele imveliso woyilo oluhle kunye nobuhle. Sebenzisa nje ikhowudi yomthengisi, funda indlela esebenza ngayo le nxalenye, kwaye ukukhungatheka kokuphinda kufakwe kwakhona kuya kuvela de kudityaniswe kakuhle kwisoftware efakwe ngaphakathi. Isenokuqala njenge "spaghetti", kodwa ukusebenzisa ukuqonda kwabavelisi ngendlela esebenza ngayo isenzi senzwa zabo kuya kunceda ukunciphisa iimpelaveki ezininzi ezonakeleyo ngaphambi kokuba imveliso iqaliswe.

5. Sebenzisa ithala leencwadi lemisebenzi yokuhlanganisa inzwa

Amathuba akhona, ujongano lokudlulisa lwesensor alukho lutsha kwaye aluzange lwenziwe ngaphambili. Iilayibrari ezaziwayo zazo zonke imisebenzi, ezifana ne-"Sensor Fusion function Library" enikezelwa ngabavelisi abaninzi beetship, zinceda abaphuhlisi bafunde ngokukhawuleza, okanye ngcono nangakumbi, kwaye baphephe umjikelo wokuphuhlisa ngokutsha okanye ukuguqula kakhulu uyilo lwemveliso. Iisensor ezininzi zinokudityaniswa kwiindidi okanye iindidi ngokubanzi, kwaye ezi ntlobo okanye iindidi ziya kuvumela uphuhliso olugudileyo lwabaqhubi, ukuba baphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, phantse babe ngabantu abaqhelekileyo okanye abangasetyenziswa kwakhona. Fumana ezi layibrari zemisebenzi yokudibanisa isensor kwaye ufunde amandla kunye nobuthathaka bazo.

Xa iisensa zifakwe kwiinkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunceda ukuphucula ixesha loyilo kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa. Abaphuhlisi abanakuze "baphazame" ngokufunda indlela iisensa ezisebenza ngayo kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokutsalwa kwezinto ekuqaleni koyilo nangaphambi kokuba bazidibanise kwinkqubo esezantsi. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezikhoyo namhlanje ziya kunceda abaphuhlisi "baqalise ukusebenza" ngaphandle kokuqala ekuqaleni.