Intshayelelo yeSwitchgear

Iswitshi (Switchgear) ibhekisa kwiseti epheleleyo yezixhobo zokusasaza umbane ezidityaniswe kwizixhobo eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zesibini ngokwesicwangciso esithile, esisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula nokukhusela iisekethe kunye nezixhobo. Iswitshi ingahlulwa ibe yiswitshi yevolthi ephezulu (uhlobo oluzinzileyo kunye nohlobo lwenqwelo yesandla) kunye neswitshi yevolthi ephantsi (uhlobo oluzinzileyo kunye nohlobo lwedrowa) ngokwemigangatho yevolthi yemigca engenayo nephumayo.
Ulwakhiwo lweswitshi ye-high-voltage lufana phantse, lwahlulwe ngokubanzi lwaba yigumbi le-busbar, igumbi le-circuit breaker, igumbi lolawulo lesibini (igumbi lezixhobo), kunye negumbi lokutya. Ngokubanzi kukho ukwahlulwa kwepleyiti yentsimbi phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye. Iswitshi ye-low-voltage ikakhulu yahlulwe ngokwendlela yokufaka izinto.

Iswitshi ye-KYN28A-12 enezixhobo zombane eziphezulu ezixhonywe phakathi

Ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha esisigxina ye-GGD ephantsi yombane

Ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha i-MNS low voltage draw-out

Isixhobo sokutshintshela esifakwe kwisinyithi esisuswayo se-KYN61-40.5

Ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha i-GCK ekhupha umbane ophantsi

Izinto zangaphakathi ziquka: ibhasi (ibhasi), i-circuit breaker, i-conventional relay, isixhobo sokukhusela i-relay esidibeneyo, isixhobo sokulinganisa, imela yokwahlula, isibane sesalathisi, imela yokumisa, njl.njl.

1. Ikhabhinethi yomgca ongenayo ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhabhinethi yokwamkela umbane. Sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumana amandla ombane kwigridi yombane (ukusuka kumgca ongenayo ukuya kwibha yebhasi). Ngokuqhelekileyo ixhotyiswe ngee-circuit breakers, ii-CT, ii-PT, iimela zokwahlula kunye nezinye izinto.

2. Iikhabhathi eziphumayo zikwabizwa ngokuba ziikhabhathi ze-feeder okanye iikhabhathi zokusasaza umbane. Zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukusasaza umbane (ukusuka kwibhasi ukuya kumgca ngamnye ophumayo), kwaye ngokubanzi zixhotyiswe ngee-circuit breakers, ii-CT, ii-PT, iimela zokwahlula kunye nezinye izinto.

3. Uqhagamshelo lwebhasi
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhabhinethi ye-bus breaker. Sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amacandelo amabini ebhasi (ukusuka kwibhasi ukuya kwibhasi). Uqhagamshelo lwebhasi ludla ngokusetyenziswa kwicandelo elinye lebhasi kunye neenkqubo zebhasi ezimbini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno okanye iziqinisekiso zabasebenzisi zokukhetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ukususwa komthwalo okhethiweyo xa kusilela.

4. Ikhabhinethi ye-PT cabinet voltage transformer ikhabhinethi idla ngokufakelwa ngqo kwi-busbar ukuze ibone i-busbar voltage kwaye ibone umsebenzi wokukhusela. Ngokuyintloko faka i-voltage transformer PT, imela yokwahlulahlula, i-fuse kunye ne-arrester njl.njl. ngaphakathi.

5. Ikhabhinethi yokwahlukanisa isetyenziselwa ukwahlula iibhasi kuzo zombini iziphelo okanye ukwahlula izixhobo zokwamkela umbane kwizixhobo zombane. Ingabonelela ngendawo ebonakalayo yokuphela komqhubi ukuze kube lula imisebenzi yokulungisa nokulungisa. Ekubeni ikhabhinethi yokwahlukanisa ingenakho ukuphula nokuvula umsinga womthwalo, inqwelo yokwahlukanisa ikhabhinethi ayinakutyhalwa okanye itsalwe xa i-circuit breaker ihambelana nayo ivaliwe. Kwizicelo eziqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuseta i-interlock phakathi koqhagamshelwano oluncedisayo lwe-circuit breaker kunye nenqwelo yokwahlukanisa inqwelo ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngumqhubi.

6. Ikhabhinethi ye-capacitor ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhabhinethi yembuyekezo, esetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla egridi yamandla, okanye imbuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo. Izinto eziphambili ngamaqela eebhanki ze-capacitor, ii-switching control loops kunye nee-fuses ezidityaniswe ngaxeshanye. Khusela izixhobo zombane. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwe ngaxeshanye nekhabhinethi engenayo, ikhabhinethi enye okanye ezingaphezulu ze-capacitor zingasetyenziswa ngaxeshanye. Emva kokuba ikhabhinethi ye-capacitor isusiwe kwigridi yamandla, kuba ibhanki ye-capacitor ithatha ixesha ukugqiba inkqubo yokukhupha, akunakwenzeka ukuba uchukumise ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezikwikhabhinethi, ingakumbi ibhanki ye-capacitor; ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile emva kokuba umbane ucinyiwe (ngokwebhanki ye-capacitor. Kuxhomekeke kumthamo, onje: umzuzu o-1), ukuvala kwakhona akuvumelekanga ukuthintela umonakalo we-over-voltage kwi-capacitor. Xa usenza imisebenzi yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, qaphela ukwabiwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamaxesha okutshintsha kweqela ngalinye leebhanki ze-capacitor ukuze uphephe umonakalo kwiqela elinye lee-capacitor ngelixa amanye amaqela engavulwanga kwaye ecinywa.

7. Ikhabhathi yokulinganisa

Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni amandla ombane (kWh), kwaye yahlulwe yaba yi-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-voltage ephantsi, ngokubanzi ifakwe nge-isolation switch, i-fuse, i-CT, i-PT, i-active watt-hour meter (imitha yendabuko okanye imitha yedijithali), ii-reactive watt-hour Meters, ii-relay, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo zesibini (ezifana neemonitha zomthwalo, njl.njl.).
8. Ikhabhinethi ye-GIS ikwabizwa ngokuba yikhabhinethi yombane edibeneyo evaliweyo, engumdibaniso ovaliweyo wee-circuit breakers, ii-isolation switches, ii-grounding switches, i-CT, i-PT, ii-arresters, ii-busbars, njl. kwi-shell yesinyithi, kwaye emva koko igesi ene-insulation elungileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokucima i-arc (i-Sulfur hexafluoride SF6 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi) njengendlela yokulinganisa i-insulation phakathi kwezigaba kunye nomhlaba, efanelekileyo kwiigridi zamandla eziphezulu kunye nezombane ophezulu, ezisetyenziselwa ukusasazwa nokulawulwa kwamandla.
9. Xa i-circuit breaker isebenza ngokwesiqhelo, i-circuit breaker ikwimeko yokuvalwa (ngaphandle kwezicelo ezikhethekileyo), kwaye i-circuit iqhagamshelwe. Xa kusenziwa imisebenzi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo okanye yokulawula ukhuseleko, i-circuit breaker inokusetyenziswa phantsi kolawulo lwesixhobo sokukhusela esipheleleyo ukuze iphule okanye idibanise i-circuit. I-circuit breaker ayinakuvula kwaye icime kuphela i-load current eqhelekileyo, kodwa ikwamelana ne-short-circuit current ixesha elithile (amaxesha amaninzi okanye amashumi kunomsinga oqhelekileyo osebenzayo), iphule i-short-circuit current, kwaye inqumle ii-circuit kunye nezixhobo ezineengxaki. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi ophambili we-circuit breaker kukwaphula nokwenza i-circuit (kubandakanya ukwaphula nokwenza i-normal current, ukwaphula i-short-circuit current). Kuba kwinkqubo yokwaphula nokuvala i-circuit, i-arc ngokungenakuphepheka iveliswa phakathi koqhagamshelwano oluhambayo kunye noqhagamshelwano olungaguqukiyo lwe-circuit breaker. Ukuze kukhuselwe oonxibelelwano, kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kwezinto zoqhagamshelwano kwaye kuphulwe i-circuit ngokuthembekileyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okucima i-arc ngokukhawuleza. Enye yazo kukusebenzisa i-arc extinguisting media eyahlukeneyo ukuzalisa oonxibelelwano abanamandla nabazinzileyo be-circuit breaker. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucima i-arc, ii-circuit breakers zinokwahlulwa zibe: ii-oil circuit breakers (ioyile engaphezulu, ioyile encinci), ii-sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breakers, ii-vacuum circuit breakers, ii-air circuit breakers, njl. Izixhobo eziphambili eziphambili kwi-switchgear ye-voltage ephezulu nephantsi esihlala sidibana nayo kwiprojekthi yi-circuit breaker. Ekubeni ii-contacts ezihambayo nezinganyakaziyo ze-circuit breaker zihlala zisongelwe kwisikhongozeli esizaliswe yi-arc extinguishing medium, imeko yokuvula nokuvala ye-circuit breaker ayinakugwetywa ngokuthe ngqo, ngesiqhelo ngezixhobo ezincedisayo ze-circuit breaker (ezifana nee-open and closing position point points). Njl.) ukuze kugwetywe.

10. Imela yokuzahlula

Imela yokwahlukanisa (okanye iswitshi yokwahlukanisa) inokuchonga uqhagamshelo okanye ukuqhawuka ngenxa yokuqhekeka okucacileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukwahlula umbane we-high-voltage ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kwemigca nezixhobo. Umbane onokuqhawuka umncinci kakhulu (ngesiqhelo ii-ampere ezimbalwa). ). Ekubeni kungekho sixhobo sikhethekileyo sokucima i-arc, asinakusetyenziselwa ukwaphula umbane wempazamo kunye nombane osebenzayo oqhelekileyo, kwaye akuvumelekanga ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqhawuka ngomthwalo.

11. Ifusi

I-fuse sisixhobo sombane esilula sokukhusela isekethe. Umgaqo wayo kukuba xa umbane ohamba nge-fuse ufikelela okanye udlula ixabiso elithile kangangexesha elithile, ukunyibilika kwayo kuyanyibilika kwaye kunqumle isekethe. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza ulula, kulula ukuwufaka, ngokubanzi awusetyenziswa wodwa, usetyenziswa kakhulu ukusebenzisana nezinye izixhobo zombane. Iimpawu eziphambili zesenzo: Okokuqala, umbane kufuneka ufikelele kwixabiso elithile, elenziwe ngaphambi kokuba i-fuse iphume kumzi-mveliso kwaye ayinakutshintshwa; okwesibini, ixesha elithile kufuneka lidlule emva kokuba umbane ufikelele kwixabiso elithile, elenziwa ngumenzi kwaye alinakutshintshwa. Kodwa kukho iintlobo ezininzi, kubandakanya isenzo esilibazisekileyo, isenzo esikhawulezayo, isenzo esikhawulezayo, njl.njl.; okwesithathu kukuba umzimba wonakele emva kwesenzo kwaye awunakuphinda usetyenziswe kwaye kufuneka utshintshwe; nokuba i-fuse iyavuthelwa kunokugwetywa ngesalathisi se-fuse okanye ukubonakala kokunyibilika; Ii-fuse ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye neetyhubhu zomshuwalense zezolu didi lwezixhobo zombane.

12. Iswitshi yokulayisha
Iswitshi yomthwalo inesixhobo esilula sokucima i-arc. Isixhobo sokucima i-arc ngokubanzi ngumoya, onokudibanisa kwaye uphule imisinga ethile kunye nemisinga engaphezulu, kodwa ayinakophula imisinga yesekethe emfutshane kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukusika iimpazamo zesekethe emfutshane. Ke ngoko, akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa nje iswitshi yomthwalo ukutshintsha i-circuit breaker; ukuba kuza kusetyenziswa iswitshi yomthwalo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye ne-fuse ephezulu yombane ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla (enyanisweni, i-fuse kunye neswitshi yomthwalo zihlala zisetyenziswa kuthotho lokukhusela ukugqithiswa komthwalo ngokulula, Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zeprojekthi). Iswitshi yomthwalo ifana nemela yokwahlukanisa, kwaye kukho umsantsa ocacileyo wokuqhawula, kwaye kunokugwetywa ngokulula ukuba isekethe ikwimeko yokuvula okanye yokucima.

13. Isiguquli

Ngamafutshane, i-transformer sisixhobo esisebenzisa amasimi e-electromagnetic alternating ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba e-voltage ahlukeneyo (enyanisweni ukuguqulwa kwamandla ombane), kwaye i-voltage ngaphambi nasemva kokuguqulwa ayitshintshi kwi-frequency. Ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi, ezifana nee-power transformers, ii-rectifier transformers, ii-voltage regulators, ii-isolation transformers, kunye ne-CT, PT, njl. Oko sihlala sidibana nako kwindawo yeprojekthi yi-power transformer.
Ezinye zezona parameters ziphambili zobugcisa ezinxulumene ne-transformer ziquka: ①Umthamo olinganisiweyo: ubhekisa kumthamo wokuphuma olinganisiweyo we-transformer phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezilinganisiweyo (ezilingana ne-U×I, kwi-KVA); ②Umthamo olinganisiweyo: akukho mthwalo, ukuthepha okulinganisiweyo, i-voltage yesiphelo ③Ukulahleka komthwalo: Phantsi kwemeko yokungabikho mthwalo, ukulahleka kwe-transformer (ekwabizwa ngokuba yilahleko yentsimbi); ④Umbane ongekho mthwalo: Phantsi kwemeko yokungabikho mthwalo, umbane ohamba nge-coil esecaleni ephambili Ixabiso; ⑤Ukulahleka kwesekethe emfutshane: ukulahleka okubangelwa ngumbane olinganisiweyo kwicala eliphambili kunye ne-short-circuit yesibini (ngokuyintloko ebangelwa kukuxhathisa kwe-coil); ⑥Ingcamango yokuthepha (i-tap): Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusebenza kwegridi yamandla, icala le-high-voltage le-transformer ngokubanzi Kukho ii-taps, kwaye amaxabiso e-voltage ezi taps abonakaliswa njengepesenti ye-voltage elinganisiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-tap voltage. Umzekelo, i-transformer ye-10KV ene-voltage ephezulu ine-±5% yetephu, oko kuthetha ukuba i-transformer inokusebenza kumanqanaba amathathu e-voltage: 10.5KV (+5%), 10KV (elinganisiweyo), 9.5KV (-5%). Ngokubanzi, inani leetephu (amanqaku etephu) ze-transformer yokuthepha ekwi-load lingaphezulu, njengeetephu ezi-7 (±3×2.5%) kunye neetephu ezi-9 (±4×2%). Ekubeni ukutshintsha okuhambelanayo kwe-tap changer kungenakuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo, ii-transformer zokuthepha ezikwi-load ngokubanzi azinakusebenza ngaxeshanye. ⑦ Umthwalo osebenzayo: umthwalo ovelisa amandla oomatshini okanye amandla obushushu kwinkqubo yamandla. Kodwa umthwalo okhuselayo kuphela kumthwalo usebenzisa amandla asebenzayo kuphela, njengokufudumala kombane, isithando sombane, ukukhanyisa kunye neminye imithwalo yombane yimithwalo esebenzayo ngokupheleleyo. Umthwalo wee-motors ezingasebenziyo kunye nee-motors ezihambelanayo usebenzisa amandla asebenzayo kunye namandla asebenzayo. Phakathi kwazo, inxalenye evelisa amandla oomatshini ngomsebenzi ngumthwalo osebenzayo. Umthwalo osebenzayo kufuneka unikezelwe ngamandla asebenzayo ejenereyitha. ⑧Umthwalo wamandla osebenzayo: inxalenye yomthwalo wombane ongasebenziyo. Amandla osebenzayo asetyenziswa kuphela kwimithwalo yokungenisa. Ezifana nezi: iitransformers, iimoto, ii-air conditioner, iifriji, njl. Ngoko ke ngelixa ijenereyitha ikhupha amandla asebenzayo, kufuneka ikwabonelele ngamandla okusabela. Xa amandla okusabela engakwazi ukuhlangabezana negridi, i-voltage yenkqubo iya kwehla. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zabasebenzisi, kufuneka kufakwe i-reactive power compensator kwisitishi esingaphantsi ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi yamandla okusabela ukuze inqanaba le-voltage ligcinwe. ⑨ Indawo yokugcina ingozi: yenye yezinto eziyinxalenye yomthamo wokugcina kwinkqubo yamandla. Njengoko izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane zinokuba nokusilela okwethutyana okanye okungapheliyo okuchaphazela ukunikezelwa kombane, inkqubo kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngenani elithile lemithombo yamandla yokuxhasa ngengozi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezibonelelo zamandla. ⑩ Ukuqhaqha inkqubo: Ukuze kuthintelwe inkqubo ekulahlekelweni yinyathelo kunye nokwandiswa kwengozi, iya kugqitywa Inkqubo yamandla yahlulwe yaba ziinkqubo ezininzi ezizimeleyo ezingasasebenzi ngokulandelelana. Ezinye iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zinokubandezeleka kukunqongophala kwamandla emva kokususwa komthwalo, kunye nokuhla kwamaza kunye ne-voltage, ngoko ke inxalenye yomthwalo kufuneka isuswe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuzinza kwenkqubo yonke ukuba yonakale.