Iswitshi ye-voltage ephezulu ibhekisa kwiimveliso zombane ezisetyenziselwa ukucima, ukulawula okanye ukhuseleko ekuveliseni umbane, ukuhambisa, ukusasaza, ukuguqula umbane kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yamandla. Inqanaba le-voltage liphakathi kwe-3.6kV kunye ne-550kV. Ngokuyintloko liquka ii-circuit breakers ze-voltage ephezulu kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-voltage ephezulu. Iiswitshi kunye neeswitshi zokumisa umhlaba, iiswitshi zomthwalo we-voltage ephezulu, izixhobo zokuhlangana ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokwahlulahlula i-voltage ephezulu, iindlela zokusebenza ze-voltage ephezulu, izixhobo zokusasaza umbane ezikhusela ukuqhuma, kunye neekhabhathi zeswitshi ze-voltage ephezulu. Ishishini lokuvelisa iiswitshi ze-voltage ephezulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini lokuvelisa izixhobo zokuhambisa umbane kunye notshintsho kwaye lithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke ishishini lamandla. Umsebenzi: Iswitshi ye-voltage ephezulu inemisebenzi yeentambo ezingenayo neziphumayo eziphezulu, iintambo ezingenayo neziphumayo zekhebula, kunye noqhagamshelo lwebhasi.
Ukusetyenziswa: Ifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezityalo zamandla, izitishi ezincinci, izitishi ezincinci zenkqubo yamandla, iikhemikhali zepetroli, ukuqengqeleka kwentsimbi yesinyithi, ishishini lokukhanya kunye nelaphu, iifektri kunye namashishini emigodi kunye neendawo zokuhlala, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo, njl.njl. Ulwakhiwo: Iswitshi kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zomgangatho "weswitshi ye-AC evaliweyo ngesinyithi". Yenziwe yikhabhinethi kunye ne-circuit breaker. Ikhabhinethi yenziwe ngegobolondo, izinto zombane (kubandakanya ii-insulators), iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ii-terminals zesibini kunye ne-Connection kunye nezinye izinto.
Iindlela ezintlanu zokuzikhusela:
1. Thintela ukuvala phantsi komthwalo: Emva kokuba itroli ye-vacuum circuit breaker kwikhabhinethi yeswitshi ye-high-voltage ivaliwe kwindawo yovavanyo, i-trolley circuit breaker ayinakungena kwindawo yokusebenza.
2. Thintela ukuvala ngocingo lokumisa: Xa imela yokumisa kwikhabhinethi yeswitshi ene-voltage ephezulu ikwindawo evaliweyo, i-trolley circuit breaker ayinakuvalwa.
3. Thintela ukungena ngengozi kwisithuba esisebenzayo: Xa i-vacuum circuit breaker kwikhabhinethi yeswitshi ye-high-voltage ivala, ucango lwangasemva lwephaneli lutshixiwe ngomatshini kwimela yokumisa umhlaba kunye nocango lwekhabhinethi.
4. Thintela ukugqunywa komhlaba okusebenzayo: Isixhobo sokuvala i-vacuum circuit kwiswitchgear ene-voltage ephezulu siyavalwa xa sisebenza, kwaye imela yokugqunywa komhlaba ayinakufakwa.
5. Thintela iswitshi yokuthwala umthwalo: i-vacuum circuit breaker kwiswitshi ye-high-voltage ayinakuphuma kwindawo yokusebenza ye-trolley circuit breaker xa isebenza.
Ulwakhiwo kunye nokwakheka
Ikakhulu yenziwe ngekhabhathi, i-vacuum circuit breaker ene-high-voltage, indlela yokugcina amandla, itroli, iswitshi yemela yokumisa umhlaba kunye ne-comprehensive protector. Oku kulandelayo ngumzekelo weswitshi ye-high-voltage, ukukubonisa ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi oluneenkcukacha.
A: Igumbi leebhasi
B: (isixhobo sokwaphula isekethe) igumbi lenqwelo erhuqwayo
C: Igumbi leentambo
D: Igumbi lezixhobo zokudlulisa izixhobo
1. Isixhobo sokunceda uxinzelelo
2. Iqokobhe
3. Ibhasi yesebe
4. Ukubeka iibhasi ezixhonywe emahlathini
5. Ibhasi ephambili
6. Isixhobo soqhagamshelwano esingashukumiyo
7. Ibhokisi yoqhagamshelwano engaguqukiyo
8. Isiguquli sangoku
9. Iswitshi yokumisa umhlaba
10. Intambo
11. Ukuphepha
12. Cinezela ibhasi yasemhlabeni
13. Ulwahlulo olususwayo
14. Ukwahlulahlula (umgibe)
15. Iplagi yesibini
16. Inqwelo ephathwayo yesaphuli sesekethe
17. Isixhobo sokususa umswakama ekufudumaleni
18. Ulwahlulo olunokurhoxiswa
19. Indlela yokusebenza yeswitshi yokumisa umhlaba
20. Lawula umngxuma wocingo
21. Ipleyiti esezantsi
①Ikhabhinethi
Yenziwe ngokucinezela iipleyiti zesinyithi kwaye sisakhiwo esivaliweyo, esinegumbi lezixhobo, igumbi letroli, igumbi lekhebula, igumbi lebhasi, njl.njl., ezahlulwe ziipleyiti zesinyithi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Igumbi lezixhobo lixhotyiswe ngezikhuseli ezidibeneyo, ii-ammeter, ii-voltmeters kunye nezinye izixhobo; igumbi letroli lixhotyiswe ngeetroli kunye nee-vacuum circuit breakers ezine-voltage ephezulu; igumbi lebhasi lixhotyiswe ngeebhasi zesigaba sesithathu; igumbi lekhebula lisetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela iintambo zombane ngaphandle.
②Isixhobo sokuvala i-vacuum circuit esisebenza ngombane ophezulu
Isixhobo sokuqhekeza i-vacuum esine-voltage ephezulu kukufaka izixhobo zaso eziphambili kwigumbi lokuqhekeza i-vacuum elivaliweyo. Xa izixhobo zivuliwe okanye zivaliwe, i-arc ayinayo igesi exhasa ukutsha, engayi kutsha kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zokukhusela zisetyenziswa njengesiseko sokuphucula iswitshi ye-vacuum. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-vacuum circuit breaker ene-voltage ephezulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kokugquma.
③Indlela yokusebenza kwemoto
Faka i-vacuum circuit breaker ene-high-voltage kwitroli uze uhambe netroli. Xa isiphatho sishukunyiswa ngokwewotshi, itroli ingena kwikhabhinethi ize ifake i-vacuum circuit breaker kwi-high-voltage circuit; xa isiphatho sishukunyiswa ngokuchasene newotshi, itroli iphuma kwikhabhinethi ize iqhube i-vacuum circuit breaker. Zoba i-high-voltage circuit circuit, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
④ Umbutho wokugcina amandla
Injini encinci iqhuba isipringi ukugcina amandla, kwaye i-vacuum circuit breaker ivalwa ngokusebenzisa isipringi ukukhulula amandla e-kinetic.
⑤Iswitshi yemela esezantsi
Sisitshixo semela esisebenza kwi-interlock yokhuseleko. Ucango lwekhabhinethi olune-voltage ephezulu lunokuvulwa kuphela xa iswitshi semela yokumisa umhlaba ivaliwe. Ngaphandle koko, ucango lwekhabhinethi olune-voltage ephezulu alunakuvulwa xa iswitshi semela yokumisa umhlaba ingavalwanga, nto leyo edlala indima yokhuseleko lwe-interlock yokhuseleko.
⑥ Umkhuseli opheleleyo
Sisikhuseli se-microcomputer esakhiwe yi-microprocessor, isikrini sokubonisa, izitshixo kunye neesekethe ezingaphandle. Sisetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yeesekethe zokukhusela ezigqithisileyo zokuqala, ezigqithisileyo, ixesha kunye nezinye iisekethe zokukhusela ezireyilayo. Isignali yokufaka: i-current transformer, i-voltage transformer, i-zero-sequence current transformer, ixabiso lokutshintsha kunye nezinye iimpawu; ikhibhodi ingasetyenziselwa ukuseta ixabiso langoku, ixabiso le-voltage, ixesha lokuphumla ngokukhawuleza, ixesha lokuqalisa kunye neminye idatha; isikrini sokubonisa sinokubonisa idatha yexesha langempela kwaye sithathe inxaxheba kulawulo, ekuphunyezweni kwesenzo soKhuselo.
Ulwahlulo
(1) Ngokwendlela ephambili yocingo lwekhabhinethi yokutshintsha, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yikhabhinethi yokutshintsha ucingo lwebhulorho, ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha ibhasi enye, ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha ibhasi ephindwe kabini, ikhabhinethi yokutshintsha ibhasi enye, ikhabhinethi yebhasi ephindwe kabini enekhabhinethi yokutshintsha ibhasi edlulayo kunye nebhanti yebhasi enye.
(2) Ngokwendlela yokufakela i-circuit breaker, inokwahlulwa ibe yikhabhinethi yeswitshi esisigxina kunye nekhabhinethi yeswitshi esuswayo (uhlobo lwenqwelo yesandla).
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo sekhabhinethi, ingahlulwa ibe yi-switchgear evalekileyo yesinyithi, i-switchgear evalekileyo yesinyithi, kunye ne-switchgear evalekileyo yebhokisi eqingqiweyo yesinyithi.
(4) Ngokwendawo yokufakela inqwelo yokwaphula iisekethe, inokwahlulwa ibe yiswitshi efakwe phantsi kunye neswitshi efakwe phakathi.
(5) Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwambathisa ngaphakathi kweswitshi, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yiswitshi efakwe umoya kunye neswitshi efakwe umoya efakwe i-SF6 gas insulated.
Iiparameters eziphambili zobugcisa
1. I-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-current elinganisiweyo, i-frequency elinganisiweyo, i-frequency yamandla elinganisiweyo i-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-lightning impulse elinganisiweyo;
2. I-circuit breaker ine-breaking current elinganisiweyo, i-closing peak current elinganisiweyo, i-short-time standing current elinganisiweyo, kunye ne-peak standing current elinganisiweyo;
3. Umbane oqikelelweyo wexesha elifutshane kunye nombane oqikelelweyo wencochoyi yokumelana nombane weswitshi yokumisa umhlaba;
4 Indlela yokusebenza yokuvula nokuvala i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-coil, ukumelana ne-DC, amandla, i-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye namandla emoto yokugcina amandla;
5. Inqanaba lokhuseleko lwekhabhinethi kunye nenani lomgangatho wesizwe elihambelana nalo.
Inkqubo yokudlulisela umbane
1. Vala zonke iingcango zangasemva kunye nesigqubuthelo sangasemva, uze uzitshixe. Ucango lwangasemva lungavalwa kuphela xa iswitshi yokumisa ikwindawo evaliweyo.
2. Faka isiphatho sokusebenza seswitshi yokumisa umhlaba kumngxuma onamacangca asixhenxe kwicala lasekunene elisezantsi lomnyango ophakathi, uze usijike ngokuchasene newotshi ukuze wenze iswitshi yokumisa umhlaba kwindawo evulekileyo. Ipleyiti edibeneyo emngxunyeni wokumisa umhlaba iya kujika ngokuzenzekelayo ivale umngxuma wokumisa, kwaye ucango olusezantsi lwekhabhinethi luya kutshixwa.
3. Tyhala itroli yenkonzo ukuze uyibeke endaweni yayo, tyhala itroli kwikhabhathi ukuze uyibeke kwindawo yayo yodwa, faka iplagi yesibini ngesandla, uze uvale ucango lwegumbi letroli.
4. Faka isiphatho senqwelo yokwaphula isekethe kwisokethi yesiphatho, uze ujike isiphatho ngokwewotshi kangangee-20. Susa isiphatho xa isiphatho sivaliwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kukho isandi sokucofa. Ngeli xesha, inqwelo yokwaphula ikwindawo yokusebenza, kwaye isiphatho sifakwe kabini. Sitshixiwe, isekethe ephambili yetroli yokwaphula isekethe iqhagamshelwe, kwaye imiqondiso efanelekileyo iyajongwa.
5. Umsebenzi kukuvala ibhodi yemitha, kwaye iswitshi yokucima yenza i-circuit breaker ivale kwaye ithumele umbane. Kwangaxeshanye, isibane esiluhlaza kwideshibhodi sivaliwe kwaye isibane esibomvu sivuliwe, kwaye ukuvala kuphumelele.
Inkqubo yokusebenza kokusilela kombane
1. Sebenzisa iphaneli yezixhobo ukuze ivale, kwaye iswitshi yokutshintsha okuvulayo yenza i-circuit breaker kwindawo yokuvula nakwiishelufu, ngaxeshanye isibane esibomvu kwiphaneli yezixhobo sivaliwe kwaye isibane esiluhlaza sivuliwe, ukuvulwa kuyaphumelela.
2. Faka isiphatho senqwelo yokwaphula isekethe kwisokethi yesiphatho, uze ujike isiphatho ngokwewotshi kangangezihlandlo ezingama-20. Susa isiphatho xa isiphatho sivaliwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kukho isandi sokucofa. Ngeli xesha, inqwelo yokwaphula ikwindawo yovavanyo. Vula, vula ucango lwegumbi lenqwelo yokwaphula isekethe, khupha ngesandla iplagi yesibini, kwaye ukhuphe isekethe ephambili yenqwelo yokwaphula isekethe.
3. Tyhala itroli yenkonzo ukuze uyitshixe, khupha itroli uye kwitroli yenkonzo, uze uqhube itroli yenkonzo.
4. Jonga isibonisi esitshajiweyo okanye ujonge ukuba asitshajiswanga na ngaphambi kokuba siqhubeke nokusebenza.
5. Faka isiphatho sokusebenza seswitshi yokumisa umhlaba kumngxuma onamacangca asixhenxe kwicala lasekunene elisezantsi lomnyango ophakathi, uze usijike ngokwewotshi ukuze wenze iswitshi yokumisa umhlaba ivaliwe. Emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba iswitshi yokumisa umhlaba ivaliwe ngokwenene, vula ucango lwekhabhinethi kwaye abasebenzi bokulungisa banokungena kwindawo yokulungisa. Uhlengahlengiso.
Isigwebo kunye nonyango lwempazamo yokuvala Iimpazamo zokuvala zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimpazamo zombane kunye neempazamo zoomatshini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokuvala: ngesandla kunye nombane. Ukusilela ukuvala ngesandla kudla ngokuba kukusilela koomatshini. Ukuvala ngesandla kungenziwa, kodwa ukusilela kombane yimpazamo yombane.
1. Isenzo sokukhusela
Ngaphambi kokuba iswitshi ivulwe, isekethe inesekethe yokukhusela iimpazamo ukwenza umsebenzi we-anti-trip relay. Iswitshi iyatshibilika kwangoko emva kokuvala. Nokuba iswitshi isekwindawo evaliweyo, iswitshi ayizukuphinda ivalwe kwaye itsibe rhoqo.
2. Ukungaphumeleli kokhuseleko
Ngoku umsebenzi wokuthintela ezintlanu usetelwe kwikhabhinethi ye-high-voltage, kwaye kufuneka ukuba iswitshi ingavalwa xa ingekho kwindawo yokusebenza okanye kwindawo yovavanyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iswitshi yesikhundla ayivalwanga, i-motor ayinakuvalwa. Olu hlobo lwempazamo ludla ngokufunyanwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvala. Ngeli xesha, isibane sendawo yokusebenza okanye isibane sendawo yovavanyo asikhanyi. Hambisa itroli yeswitshi kancinci ukuze uvale iswitshi yomda ukuze uthumele umbane. Ukuba umgama we-offset yeswitshi yomda mkhulu kakhulu, kufuneka ulungiswe. Xa iswitshi yesikhundla kwikhabhinethi ye-high voltage yohlobo lwe-JYN ingenakufuduselwa ngaphandle, isiqwenga esimile okwe-V sinokufakwa ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuthembekileyo kweswitshi yomda.
3. Ukusilela kombane ekuqhekekeni
Kwinkqubo ye-high-voltage, ezinye ii-interlocks zombane zimiselwe ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yecandelo lebhasi enye enemigca emibini yombane engenayo, kufuneka ukuba kudityaniswe iiswitshi ezimbini kuphela kwezi zintathu, ikhabhinethi yomgca ongenayo kunye nekhabhinethi yejoyinti yebhasi. Ukuba zonke ezintathu zivaliwe, kuya kubakho ingozi yokudluliselwa kwamandla okubuyela umva. Kwaye iiparameter ze-short-circuit ziyatshintsha, kwaye i-short-circuit current yokusebenza ehambelanayo iyanda. Uhlobo lwesekethe yetsheyini luboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Isekethe ye-interlock yekhabhinethi engenayo iqhagamshelwe ngokulandelelana kunye noqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvaliweyo lwekhabhinethi yejoyinti yebhasi, kwaye ikhabhinethi engenayo ingavalwa xa ikhabhinethi yejoyinti yebhasi ivuliwe.
Isekethe edibanisayo yekhabhinethi yejoyinti yebhasi iqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye nenye evula rhoqo kwaye enye ivala rhoqo kwiikhabhinethi ezimbini ezingenayo. Ngale ndlela, kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba ikhabhinethi yejoyinti yebhasi inokudlulisa umbane kuphela xa enye yeekhabhinethi ezimbini ezingenayo ivaliwe kwaye enye ivuliwe. Xa ikhabhinethi ye-voltage ephezulu ingenakuvalwa ngombane, qala ucinge ukuba kukho i-interlock yombane, kwaye ayinakusebenzisa ukuvala ngesandla. Ukusilela kombane ngokuxhathisa ngokubanzi kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye akunakuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvala. Umzekelo, nangona i-coupler yebhasi engenayo ivula kwaye ivala enye, inqwelo yesandla kwikhabhinethi evulayo iyakhutshwa kwaye iplagi ayifakwanga. Ukuba isekethe ye-interlock iyasilela, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukujonga indawo yempazamo.
Ukusebenzisa izibane ezibomvu neziluhlaza ukugweba ukusilela kweswitshi esincedisayo kulula kwaye kulula, kodwa akuthembekanga kakhulu. Kungajongwa kwaye kuqinisekiswe nge-multimeter. Indlela yokulungisa iswitshi esincedisayo kukulungisa i-engile yeflange esisigxina kunye nokulungisa ubude bentonga yokudibanisa yeswitshi esincedisayo.
4. Impazamo yesekethe evulekileyo yesekethe yokulawula
Kwiluphu yokulawula, iswitshi yokulawula yonakele, isekethe iyaqhawuka, njl.njl., ukuze ikhoyili yokuvala ingabi namandla. Ngeli xesha, akukho sandi sentshukumo yekhoyili yokuvala. Akukho voltage kwikhoyili yokulinganisa. Indlela yokuhlola kukujonga indawo yesekethe evulekileyo nge-multimeter.
5. Ukusilela kwekhoyili yokuvala
Ukutshiswa kwekhoyili yokuvala yimpazamo ye-short-circuit. Ngeli xesha, kuvela ivumba elingaqhelekanga, umsi, i-fuse emfutshane, njl. njl.. Ikhoyili yokuvala yenzelwe umsebenzi wexesha elifutshane, kwaye ixesha elinika amandla alinakuba lide kakhulu. Emva kokusilela kokuvala, isizathu kufuneka sifunyanwe ngexesha, kwaye i-compound brake akufuneki iguqulwe amaxesha amaninzi. Ingakumbi i-closing coil ye-CD type electromagnetic operating mechanism kulula ukuyicima ngenxa yombane omkhulu odlulayo.
Indlela yovavanyo lwamandla idla ngokusetyenziswa xa kulungiswa isiphene esingenakuvalwa ikhabhinethi ye-voltage ephezulu. Le ndlela inokususa iziphene zomgca (ngaphandle kweziphene zobushushu be-transformer kunye negesi), iziphene zombane eziphumayo, kwaye inciphise iziphene zokutshintsha. Indawo yesiphene ingamiselwa ngaphakathi kwinqwelo yokuhambisa. Ke ngoko, kunyango olungxamisekileyo, ungasebenzisa indawo yovavanyo ukuvavanya ukudluliselwa kwamandla, kwaye utshintshe indlela yokudluliselwa kwamandla kwinqwelo yokuhambisa amandla ekwinqwelo yokulinda ukuze kucutshungulwe. Oku kunokufumana iziphumo eziphindwe kabini ngesiqingatha somzamo kwaye kunokunciphisa ixesha lokucinywa kombane.
