Isithinteli seZinc Oxide

Isithinteli seZinc Oxideyiisithinteli-mbanekunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela.

IIsithinteli seZinc Oxidesesona sikhuselo siphezulu kakhulu se-over-voltage ehlabathini. Oku kungenxa yokufakwa kwe-azinc oxideumbanjwanjenge-core resistor discoOku kuvumela ukuphuculwa kweempawu ze-volt-ampere zediski ye-resistor kunye nokwanda kwamandla okusebenzisa i-through-current kwiimeko ze-over-voltage, nto leyo iphucuke kakhulu xa ithelekiswa ne-silicon carbide eqhelekileyo.ababanjwa.Phantsi kwevolthi eqhelekileyo yokusebenza, umbane odlula kwi-arrester yi-micro-ampere degree enye kuphela. Xa i-voltage isetyenziswa rhoqo, i-current idlula kwi-arrester.umbanjwaxa ifumana imeko ye-aver-voltage, iimpawu ezintle ezingezizo ezithe ngqo ziya kunyusa umsinga nge-arrester amaxesha amaninzi.umbanjwaikwimeko yokuqhuba kwaye iya kukhupha amandla e-over-voltage emhlabeni kwaye ngaloo ndlela ikhusele izixhobo zokudlulisela amandla kwimiphumo ye-over-voltage.

Isithinteli se-zinc oxideluhlobo olutsha lwe-arrester olwaphuhliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1970, oluqulunqwe kakhulu yi-zinc oxide varistor. I-varistor nganye ine-voltage yayo ethile yokutshintsha (ebizwa ngokuba yi-varistor voltage) ukususela ngexesha esenziwa ngalo. Phantsi kwe-voltage eqhelekileyo yokusebenza (oko kukuthi, ngaphantsi kwe-voltage ye-varistor), ixabiso le-varistor likhulu kakhulu, elilingana ne-insulation state. Kodwa phantsi kwe-voltage yempembelelo (engaphezulu kune-voltage ye-varistor), i-varistor iyaphulwa ngexabiso eliphantsi, elilingana ne-short-circuit state. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba i-varistor ibethwe, inokubuyisela i-insulation state; Xa i-voltage engaphezulu kwe-varistor irhoxisiwe, ibuyela kwi-high resistance state. Ke ngoko, ukuba i-zinc oxide arrester ifakwe kwi-power line, xa umbane ubetha, i-voltage ephezulu ye-lightning wave yenza i-varistor breakdown, kwaye i-lightning current idlula kwi-varistor iye emhlabeni. I-voltage kwi-power line inokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo, ukuze kukhuselwe ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane.

Iimpawu ezisixhenxe ze-zinc oxide arrester:

Umthamo wokuhamba kwamanzi

Oku kubonakala kakhulu kwi-lightning arrester ekwaziyo ukufunxa zonke iintlobo ze-lightning overvoltage, i-power frequency overvoltage transient kunye ne-operation overvoltage.

Iimpawu zokukhusela

I-Zinc oxide arrester isetyenziselwa ukukhusela zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zombane kwinkqubo yamandla kumonakalo we-overvoltage kwiimveliso zombane, inamandla okukhusela. Ngenxa yeempawu ezintle ze-voltammetry ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo zephepha le-valve ye-zinc oxide, ngamakhulu ambalwa kuphela ama-microamps angoku adlula phantsi kwe-voltage eqhelekileyo yokusebenza, kulula ukuyila isakhiwo esingenamsantsa, ukuze sibe neempawu zokusebenza kakuhle kokukhusela, ubunzima obuphantsi kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Xa i-overvoltage ihlasela, i-current ehamba kwi-valve plate iyanda ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inciphise ubukhulu be-overvoltage kwaye ikhuphe amandla e-overvoltage. Emva koko, i-zinc oxide valve plate ibuyisela imeko yokuxhathisa okuphezulu ukuze inkqubo yamandla isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukusebenza kokutywina

Izixhobo zokuthintela umbane ezisebenza kakuhle ekugugeni, umoya oqinileyo wombala odityanisiweyo osemgangathweni ophezulu, kusetyenziswa ulawulo loxinzelelo lwendandatho yokutywina kunye ne-sealant egqunywe nge-coated kunye nezinye iindlela, i-ceramic coat njengezinto zokutywina, ukuqinisekisa ukutywina okuthembekileyo, ukuze ukusebenza kwe-lightning arrester kuzinzile.

Iimpawu zoomatshini

Ezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo ziqwalaselwa kakhulu: amandla enyikima ekufuneka athwalwe;

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lomoya kwi-arrester;

Umphezulu we-arrester uthwala uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lwentambo.

Ipropati yokucoca ulwelo

Isithinteli se-zinc oxide esingenamngxuma sinokumelana nongcoliseko oluphezulu.

Umgama othile wokurhubuluza ochazwe ngumgangatho wesizwe ngulo: Udidi II indawo ephakathi engcolileyo: umgama othile wokurhubuluza 20mm/ kV;

Indawo yongcoliseko olunzima lweKlasi III: umgama othile wokungcola yi-25mm/ kV;

Udidi IV indawo engcolisekileyo kakhulu: umgama othile wokuhambahamba yi-31mm/kV.

Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokusebenza

Ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide kuxhomekeke kumgangatho weemveliso kunye nokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kweemveliso. Impembelelo yomgangatho wemveliso yayo ikakhulu inala macandelo mathathu alandelayo: ukuqonda kwesakhiwo siphela se-lightning arrester; Iimpawu ze-voltammetric kunye nokumelana nokuguga kwe-zinc oxide valve; Ukusebenza kokutywina kwe-lightning arrester.

Ukunyamezelana kwamaza ombane

Ngenxa yenkqubo yamandla efana nokumisa isiseko sesigaba esinye, isiphumo somthamo wemigca emide kunye nokwaliwa komthwalo kunye nezinye izizathu, kuya kubangela ukwanda kwevolthi yamandla okanye kuvelise i-amplitude transient overvoltage ephezulu, i-lightning arrester inexesha elithile lokumelana nokunyuka kwevolthi yamandla athile.

Umsebenzi

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-arrester luneengenelo kunye neempawu zalo, kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esihle sokukhusela. Phantsi kwe-voltage elinganisiweyo, i-arrester ilingana ne-insulator kwaye ayiyi kuba nasenzo. Kwimeko yengxaki okanye i-voltage ephezulu, i-lightning arrester iya kusebenza kwaye ikhokelele umbane emhlabeni ukuze ikhusele ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zamandla.

Ulwahlulo

Ngokwenqanaba le-voltage

Izithinteli ze-zinc oxide zihlulwe ngokwexabiso le-voltage elilinganisiweyo kwaye zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

Udidi lwe-voltage ephezulu: Ibhekisa kuthotho lwee-zinc oxide arresters ezingaphezulu kwe-66KV, ezinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe zii-grades ezisixhenxe: 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV, kunye ne-66kV.

Udidi lwe-voltage ephakathi: Ibhekisa kwiimveliso zochungechunge lwe-zinc oxide arrester ezikuluhlu oluqala kwi-3kV ukuya kwi-66kV (ngaphandle kweemveliso zochungechunge lwe-66kV), ezinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amane e-voltage: i-3kV, i-6kV, i-10kV, kunye ne-35KV.

Udidi lwe-voltage ephantsi: Lubhekisa kwiimveliso zochungechunge lwe-zinc oxide arrester ezingaphantsi kwe-3KV (ngaphandle kweemveliso zochungechunge lwe-3kV), ezinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amane e-voltage: 1kV, 0.5kV, 0.38kV, kunye ne-0.22kV.

Ngokwe-nominal discharge current

Ngokwe-nominal discharge current, izithinteli ze-zinc oxide zingahlulwa zibe ziiklasi ezintlanu: 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.5kA.

Ngoku kasebenzisa

Izithinteli ze-zinc oxide zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezisixhenxe ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo: uhlobo lwesekethe yenkqubo, uhlobo lwesikhululo samandla senkqubo, uhlobo losasazo lwenkqubo, uhlobo lokhuseleko lwebhanki ye-shunt compensation capacitor, uhlobo lwesitimela esinombane, uhlobo lwenqaku elingathathi hlangothi lemoto kunye nemoto, uhlobo lwenqaku elingathathi hlangothi le-transformer.

Ngokwesakhiwo

Izithinteli ze-zinc oxide zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokwesakhiwo sazo.

Isithinteli se-zinc oxide sinokwahlulwa sibe ngamabakala amane ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo ukumelana nongcoliseko. Udidi ⅰ lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, udidi ⅱ lusetyenziswa kwindawo yongcoliseko oluphakathi (umgama othile we-creepage 20mm/KV), udidi ⅲ lusetyenziswa kwindawo yongcoliseko olukhulu (umgama othile we-creepage 25mm/KV), kwaye udidi ⅳ lusetyenziswa kwindawo yongcoliseko olukhulu kakhulu (umgama othile we-creepage 31mm/KV).

Ingubo edityanisiweyo: Ingubo edityanisiweyo i-zinc oxide arrester yenziwe ngezinto zerabha ze-silicone ezidityanisiweyo njengengubo, kwaye ukukhethwa kwephepha lokumelana ne-zinc oxide elisebenza kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhethekileyo, esihlanganiswe ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili, sineenzuzo ezimbini zezinto zerabha ze-silicone kunye nephepha lokumelana ne-zinc oxide. Ukongeza kuzo zonke iingenelo ze-porcelain zinc oxide arrester, uthotho lweemveliso lunentsebenzo entle yokukhusela, ukumelana nongcoliseko oluphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okumelana nokuqhuma kunye nobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obuncinci, akukho kugcinwa, akukho lula ukuyonakalisa, ukutywinwa okuthembekileyo, ukumelana nokwaluphala okuhle kunye nezinye iingenelo.

Ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo isakhiwo

Isithinteli se-zinc oxide sinokwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza: akukho sithuba (W), kunye nokususwa kochungechunge (C), kunye nokususwa okulinganayo (B).

1. Ngaphambili, ukukhethwa kunye nokungalungi kwezinto zokuthintela umbane bekucingelwa kuphela ngamanqanaba okusebenzisa i-overvoltage kunye ne-lightning overvoltage.

Umgangatho wesizwe umisela ukuba i-voltage yesiphelo sombane senkqubo kufuneka ibe phezulu kancinci kune-K ngokuphindwe kancinane kune-voltage eqhelekileyo (okanye i-voltage elinganisiweyo) i-Un yenkqubo, oko kukuthi, i-K=Um/Un (i-Um yeyona voltage iphezulu yenkqubo). Ubushushu bezixhobo zombane kufuneka bukwazi ukusebenza ixesha elide phantsi kwe-Un. I-K yeenkqubo ezingama-220kV nezingaphantsi yi-1.15, kwaye kwiinkqubo ezingama-330kV nangaphezulu, i-K=1.1. Le migaqo ikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ikwabonwa kwinqanaba lokuqala loyilo lwe-arrester.

2. Ukukhethwa kunye nemfuneko yesithinteli sombane ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza phantsi kombane ongaphezulu kwesigaba esinye kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yamandla

Ngokwembono yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo, ukukhethwa kombane olinganisiweyo we-arrester kufuneka kuhambelane nemigaqo elandelayo:

(1) I-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-zinc oxide arrester kufuneka ibe phezulu kune-voltage ye-transient frequency frequency enokuvela xa ifakelwa. Kwinkqubo yokumisa engathathi cala ye-110kV nangaphezulu, inokukhethwa ngokwendlela engasentla.

(2) kwi-110 kV nangaphantsi kwenkqubo yokumisa engathanga ngqo, isebe lamandla ombane lilawula phantsi kwemeko yokumisa ngephaseji enye evunyelwe ukuba isebenze iiyure ezi-2, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nangona iveliswe kwi-arc grounding overvoltage run engapheliyo iiyure ezi-2 ukufumana impazamo, olu hlobo lweempawu zokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-zinc oxide lightning arrester operation ekhuselekileyo phantsi kwe-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-10 s ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu. Kwaye i-zinc oxide arrester kunye nesakhiwo se-SiC arrester, uyilo lwahlukile (olu lokugqibela luyi-gap arc extinction, olu lwangaphambili aluna-gap okanye kuphela i-separation gap), ukuze ekusebenzeni i-zinc oxide arrester thermal collapse kunye neengozi ezinkulu zokuqhuma. Ijongene nale meko, ii-bureaux ezininzi zombane kunye namaziko oyilo lwamandla ombane abeka phambili iintlobo ezininzi zamaxabiso e-voltage alinganisiweyo (njenge-14.4kV, 14.7kV, njl.njl.) ngokweemeko zegridi yamandla yendawo. Kuvavanyo lomthwalo wesenzo lwamaphepha amaninzi engxoxo yesizwe, ukunyamezelana kwe-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-10s kunyuswa ukuya kwi-1.2 ~ 1.3 amaxesha, ukuze ukulungelelaniswa kwe-zinc oxide arrester kwindawo engathathi hlangothi. inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba engathanga ngqo iphuculwe.

Ngenxa yokuba i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-zinc oxide arrester iphantsi kakhulu, i-arrester iya kusebenza phantsi kwe-single-phase grounding overvoltage okanye i-transient overvoltage ezininzi. ISebe lezoLawulo loKhuseleko kunye neMveliso yoLawulo lweMicimbi yoMbane licebise ukuba i-arrester ihlaziywe kwakhona kwi-17th safety bulletin yomhla wama-30 ku-Okthobha 1993.

Kwixesha lotshintsho phakathi kokubhengezwa kunye nokuhlaziywa komgangatho omtsha, kucetyiswa imithetho yoyilo elandelayo yokukhetha i-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ye-zinc oxide arrester kwinkqubo engaguqukiyo: i-voltage elinganisiweyo yi-1.2-1.3 amaxesha oyilo lwe-voltage yokucima i-arc ye-SiC arrester, kwaye i-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo yeyona voltage iphezulu yokusebenza kwenkqubo.

Ngenxa yokuba akukho mgangatho udibeneyo wedatha esisiseko engentla, kuya kubakho umahluko phakathi komenzi we-lightning arrester kunye nomsebenzisi kuyilo kunye nomenzi.

3, qalisa uhlelo luka-2000 lokhetho olutsha olusemgangathweni, olukhuselekileyo nolufanelekileyo lwenyani yokuthintela umbane

Kwimigangatho emitsha yaseTshayina yowama-2000 (GB11032-2000), ukhetho lwe-voltage elinganisiweyo ngaphezu komgaqo we-1.2-1.3 amaxesha luye lwaqatshelwa, kodwa ukhetho lwe-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo lunelungiselelo elitsha: ukusuka ekubonakalisweni kobomi benkonzo yokubamba i-1.5Un//U1mA njengexabiso lokubhekisa ekukhetheni (uyilo) i-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo yokubamba i-arrester. Ngoyilo kunye nenqanaba lokuvelisa le-home arrester, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo yi-80%, ngoko ke i-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ikhethwa njenge-0.8 amaxesha e-voltage elinganisiweyo. Oku kuxhaswa yindawo encinci yangoku ye-voltammetry curve.

Ngoko ke, ekusebenzeni, inqanaba le-overvoltage yokusebenza kwe-single-phase grounding ye-1h kufuneka liqwalaselwe xa kuqhutywa ukubalwa kwe-simulation ngokweemeko ezithile okanye ukukhetha i-arterer ngokwemava kunye nokusebenza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxabiso amaninzi e-voltage alinganisiweyo ahluke kancinci kumaxabiso angentla kwizivumelwano zobugcisa zabasebenzisi nakwiimizobo zamaziko oyilo lwamandla, endicinga ukuba ayimfuneko (njenge-16.5kV kunye ne-16.7kV kwi-10kV, njl.njl.). Isizathu kukuba kwinkqubo yoyilo lokwenyani lwe-lightning arrester, ixabiso le-voltage elilinganisiweyo kwi-volt-ampere curve likwindawo encinci yangoku, engaphantsi kwexabiso le-U1mAAC, ukuphishekela umahluko omncinci akunakufezekiswa kuyilo lokwenyani lwe-lightning arrester; Ukongeza, kwingxoxo elandelayo, ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomgangatho omtsha wesizwe ukukhetha ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo phantsi kwe-overvoltage evunyelweyo (oku kubhekisa kwinkqubo engagungqiyo).

4. Ukukhethwa kwesayensi kwe-zinc oxide arrester engagutyungelwanga ngokomgangatho omtsha wohlelo luka-2000

(1) I-voltage elinganisiweyo kufuneka ikhethwe kwaye iyilwe ngokwexabiso eliphezulu elisebenzayo le-voltage yamandla avumelekileyo asetyenziswa kwiiterminals ze-arrester, ukuze isebenze ngokuchanekileyo phantsi kwe-overvoltage yexeshana echazwe kuvavanyo lomthwalo wesenzo oluchaziweyo. I-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo kufuneka ikhethwe ukuvumela i-RMS engaguqukiyo phakathi kweeterminals ze-arrester. Ngeli xesha, i-voltage yokukhupha i-frequency yamandla kufuneka ibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenza kwe-insulation yezixhobo ezikhuselweyo phantsi kwe-overvoltage yokusebenza ngaphandle kokhuseleko kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo, kwaye inqanaba lokwenyani lesantya sokutshaja kunye ne-voltage eseleyo ye-zinc oxide arrester eyenziwe eTshayina kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

(2) Apho i-voltage yamandla inyuka kakhulu okanye i-voltage yovavanyo lokugquma kwezixhobo iphezulu, kufuneka kukhethwe i-voltage ephezulu ye-zinc oxide arrester. Ukukhethwa kwe-voltage yereferensi yamandla kuya kulingana okanye kube nkulu kune-voltage elinganisiweyo. La manqaku mabini kwiimfuno zomgangatho omtsha we-NATIONAL ayaneliswa ngcono, olu balo lulandelayo lunokufumaneka luhlangabezana neemfuno ze-overvoltage. Iimfuno zomgangatho we-NATIONAL, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-single-phase grounding iiyure ezi-2 ngaphandle kwesenzo. Kwimeko enzima kakhulu, xa i-single-phase grounding kunye nokwaliwa komthwalo kwenzeka ngaxeshanye, i-overvoltage ephezulu enokubakho ebalwe yithiyori yi-1.99 amaxesha, kwaye i-voltage eqhubekayo yokusebenza evumelekileyo ye-UC (ixabiso elisebenzayo) ye-zinc oxide arrester ikhethwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-voltage elinganisiweyo (Ur≈1.25 UC) ikhethwe ngokwezinga lokutshaja elisemgangathweni likazwelonke le-0.8, eliye lahlangabezana neemfuno. Ukuba kusetyenziswa i-arc grounding kunye ne-resonant overvoltage enokubakho okuphezulu kokubaleka, i-voltage elinganisiweyo iya kudibana: cinezela kwakhona?=0.8 Khetha i-voltage esebenzayo eqhubekayo, ekwahlangabezana neemfuno.

Ngamafutshane, ubunzima obukhulu bokukhetha i-arrester kukufumanisa ububanzi be-overvoltage yexeshana. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokuchanekileyo phantsi kwe-overvoltage ephezulu yokusebenza kunye ne-atmospheric overvoltage, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ipleyiti yevalvu ayisebenzi phantsi kwe-overvoltage yexeshana.

Okwangoku, ukukhethwa kohlobo kunye noyilo lwe-arrester kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-zinc oxide arrester ephezulu kakhulu kwinkqubo ayisebenzi xa i-grounding yesigaba esinye seeyure ezi-2, kungenjalo i-zinc oxide arrester iya kubonakala i-thermal collapse okanye ingozi yokuqhuma.

Kungoko ke, kufanelekile ukukhetha inkqubo engagungqiyo ngokweemfuno ezintsha.

Kodwa kwisixhobo se-capacitor esisekwe kwi-arc coil, i-grounding overvoltage iya kuba sezantsi kakhulu, emva koko ungakhetha i-low ngokwendlela yokubala i-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye ne-voltage yokusebenza eqhubekayo ukwenza i-zinc oxide lightning arrester action phantsi kwe-overvoltage yokusebenza esezantsi, isixhobo sokukhusela i-capacitor, kodwa ukuba awufuni, ungakhetha ngokwendlela engenasiseko.

Ngenxa yokuba i-capacitor pole to ground insulation ithathwa njengehlangabezana neemfuno ze-single-phase grounding zeeyure ezi-2.

Ukusebenza ngevolthi engaphantsi kwereyithingi, i-arrester ayisebenzi kwaye ayiyi kubangela umonakalo wevolthi engaphezulu kwisixhobo se-capacitor.

Lilonke, oku kungenxa yokuba iipleyiti zevalvu ze-zinc oxide series ezingenazo iipleyiti ezivulekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kuthotho, kwi-zinc oxide lightning arrester resistors azikwazi ukuthwala ngaphezu kwe-1.99 amaxesha i-overvoltage, ebangelwa yi-SiC arcing voltage reference choice ye-zinc oxide lightning arrester voltage elinganisiweyo ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, inyanzelekile ukuba inyuke ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwe-arrester, njengoko kungekho datha yokwenyani yokulinganisa,

Ixabiso elicetyiswayo eliqulethwe ngumoya womgangatho wesizwe lifanelekile ngakumbi kuba lihlangabezana neemfuno ezilinganiselweyo.